El devenir de las construcciones periodísticas sobre la ciudad y las emergencias sociales (siglo XX) : prensa, orden urbano y clima de época
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2013-10-30
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Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales
Resumen
Esta tesis se preocupa por el carácter “natural” y evidente que adquieren en las
sociedades modernas las construcciones discursivas sobre lo esperable y deseable
para la ciudad y sobre aquellos aspectos considerados problemáticos para las normas
de urbanidad convenidas. Particularmente, nos interesamos en identificar y analizar
las concepciones sobre el orden urbano y las emergencias sociales que se manifiestan
a lo largo del siglo XX en los tratamientos informativos de la prensa riocuartense.
Así, el estudio está atento a la manera en que el clima de la época se hace presente en
las construcciones mediáticas y a la forma en que la práctica periodística aparece
articulada a un conjunto de otras prácticas que dirigen su mirada a la ciudad.
En ese sentido, un supuesto central de partida es que la manera en que los
medios de comunicación dan cuenta de la realidad debe incluirse dentro de un marco
más general que contiene los saberes e ideas hegemónicos de la sociedad de cada
momento y que los tratamientos, que parecen encerrar explicaciones naturales y
evidentes, están más bien estructurados en torno a ciertos principios generales a
través de los cuales se define lo esperable.
Nuestra hipótesis plantea que las imágenes que se construyen de la ciudad han
estado asentadas históricamente en una visión moderna y lineal del orden social y
que, a su vez, esas concepciones no reconocen como válidas ciertas emergencias
sociales que aparecen como un problema para los parámetros de urbanidad convenida
catalogándolas como obstáculos para los ideales modernos.
Para el análisis propuesto, el estudio se detiene en tres momentos de la historia
de la ciudad en los que la presencia de ciertas emergencias sociales obtuvo
protagonismo en las concepciones de orden urbano. En el primero de ellos, esa
presencia se manifiesta alrededor de los problemas vinculados a la salud y a la
higiene producto del proceso creciente de urbanización (1915-1918); en la segunda
etapa, la población y la urbanización despertaron un conjunto de preocupaciones
ligadas a la planificación y al progreso (1947-1951); por último, las consecuencias
del proceso de globalización de fines de milenio derivaron en un conjunto de
problemas urbanos que fueron abordados desde un discurso neoliberal (1998-1999)
This thesis deals with the “natural” and evident character that discursive constructions both about what is to be expected and desired for the city, and about those aspects considered problematic for the convened norms of urbanity acquire in modern societies. We are particularly interested in identifying and analyzing the conceptions about the urban order and the social emergences manifested along the 20th century in the press of Río Cuarto. In this way, this study pays attention to the way in which the climate of the epoch is present in media constructions and the way in which journalistic practice is articulated with other practices that are interested in the city. In this sense, a central point of departure is the assumption that the way in which the media present reality must be included within a more general framework that encompasses the hegemonic knowledge and ideas of the society in each moment, and that the treatments, that appear to include natural and evident explanations, are in fact structured around certain general principles through which what is to be expected is defined. Our hypothesis poses that the constructed images of the city have been historically accepted in a modern and linear vision of the social order and that, at the same time, those conceptions do not recognize as valid certain social emergences that represent a problem for the convened urbanity parameters, portraying them as obstacles for the modern ideals. Our analysis focuses on three different moments in the history of the city in which the presence of certain social emergences acquired a central role in urban order conceptions. In the first moment, that presence is manifested around problems related to health and hygiene that resulted from the growing urbanization process (1915- 1918); in the second moment, the population and urbanization caused a series of preoccupations related to planning and progress (1947-1951); in the last moment, the consequences of the globalization process at the end of the millennium derived in a series of urban problems that were dealt with from a neoliberal discourse (1998- 1999)
This thesis deals with the “natural” and evident character that discursive constructions both about what is to be expected and desired for the city, and about those aspects considered problematic for the convened norms of urbanity acquire in modern societies. We are particularly interested in identifying and analyzing the conceptions about the urban order and the social emergences manifested along the 20th century in the press of Río Cuarto. In this way, this study pays attention to the way in which the climate of the epoch is present in media constructions and the way in which journalistic practice is articulated with other practices that are interested in the city. In this sense, a central point of departure is the assumption that the way in which the media present reality must be included within a more general framework that encompasses the hegemonic knowledge and ideas of the society in each moment, and that the treatments, that appear to include natural and evident explanations, are in fact structured around certain general principles through which what is to be expected is defined. Our hypothesis poses that the constructed images of the city have been historically accepted in a modern and linear vision of the social order and that, at the same time, those conceptions do not recognize as valid certain social emergences that represent a problem for the convened urbanity parameters, portraying them as obstacles for the modern ideals. Our analysis focuses on three different moments in the history of the city in which the presence of certain social emergences acquired a central role in urban order conceptions. In the first moment, that presence is manifested around problems related to health and hygiene that resulted from the growing urbanization process (1915- 1918); in the second moment, the population and urbanization caused a series of preoccupations related to planning and progress (1947-1951); in the last moment, the consequences of the globalization process at the end of the millennium derived in a series of urban problems that were dealt with from a neoliberal discourse (1998- 1999)
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Palabras clave
Periodismo, Río Cuarto, Medio urbano, Siglo XX, Medios de comunicación, Historia