Monitoreo de estados inmaduros de la mosca blanca [Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Homoptera-Aleyrodidae)] reinfestando cultivo de tomate bajo invernadero en el período estival
Fecha
2002
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En los cultivos de tomate en invernadero, la mosca blanca de los invernaderos (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) se ha convertido en plaga clave, tanto por los daños que ocasiona, como por la dificultad para su control con métodos químicos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la distribución de los estados inmaduros de mosca blanca reinfestando la planta de tomate cultivada bajo invernadero, las áreas de concentración en el cultivo y detectar si existía en el período estival una relación entre la temperatura y la densidad poblacional, para diseñar estrategias de monitoreo. El trabajo se realizó en Cosquín (provincia de Córdoba) (31º25´ Latitud S; 64º12´ Longitud O) en un cultivo de tomate cv. "Salvador" bajo invernadero transplantado a una densidad de 2,6 plantas/m² y conducido verticalmente a un solo tallo. Se muestrearon en forma periódica los estados inmaduros en los folíolos de los estratos superior, medio e inferior de la planta y en los bordes y centro del invernadero. Además se tomaron registros de temperatura diaria. La mayor densidad poblacional se encontró en los estratos medio e inferior de la planta, y en los bordes del invernadero respecto del centro. El incremento de la población de estados inmaduros tuvo una alta correlación (r²= 0,94) con la temperatura en el período considerado, siendo 35 grados día el umbral de temperatura acumulado observado para la aparición de la plaga. Estos resultados son de utilidad en la determinación de sitios y momento adecuados para comenzar el monitoreo que contribuya a definir estrategias de control.
Greenhouse whitefly is one of most important pests in tomato, giving serious crop injuries and difficulties for chemical control. Our objective was monitoring whitefly immature stages reinfesting greenhouse tomato plants, determining its concentration areas and detecting the relationship between temperature and whitefly density during summer. Studies were conducted in Cordoba, in a tomato crop grown in greenhouse. Plants densities were 2.6 plants/m² grown vertically. Insect samples were taken in tomato leaflets from upper, medium and lower levels of the plants in borders and middle areas of the greenhouse. Temperature was daily registered. Higher insect densities were observed in the lower and medium levels of border plant leaves. Population densities were related to increases in temperature, with a threshold of 35 degree days. These results suggest that whitefly densities monitoring should be followed in medium and lower leaves levels of plant's borders of the greenhouse, starting when accumulated temperatures reach to 35 degree days.
Greenhouse whitefly is one of most important pests in tomato, giving serious crop injuries and difficulties for chemical control. Our objective was monitoring whitefly immature stages reinfesting greenhouse tomato plants, determining its concentration areas and detecting the relationship between temperature and whitefly density during summer. Studies were conducted in Cordoba, in a tomato crop grown in greenhouse. Plants densities were 2.6 plants/m² grown vertically. Insect samples were taken in tomato leaflets from upper, medium and lower levels of the plants in borders and middle areas of the greenhouse. Temperature was daily registered. Higher insect densities were observed in the lower and medium levels of border plant leaves. Population densities were related to increases in temperature, with a threshold of 35 degree days. These results suggest that whitefly densities monitoring should be followed in medium and lower leaves levels of plant's borders of the greenhouse, starting when accumulated temperatures reach to 35 degree days.
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mosca blanca de los invernaderos, tomate, monitoreo, Greenhouse whitefly, tomato, spatial distribution