Prestaciones de un dosificador neumático para la siembra monogramo de semillas de girasol
Fecha
2004
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UNR Editora
Resumen
La densidad poblacional y la distribución espacial de las plantas son factores asociados al manejo eficaz de un cultivo para que éste exprese su máximo potencial de rendimiento. Ambos factores están vinculados con la capacidad del dosificador de la sembradora para entregar las semillas una por una. Las semillas de girasol, aún cuando se encuentren calibradas en tamaño y forma, presentan dificultades para manejarlas mediante los dosificadores mecánicos tradicionales, requiriendo un ajuste preciso entre la placa dosificadora y las semillas. Los dosificadores neumáticos tienen mayor capacidad para manejar simultáneamente semillas comerciales con cierto grado de irregularidad en tamaño y forma y algunos diseños en particular admiten también el uso de semillas sin calibrar. Utilizando tres velocidades de trabajo y cuatro calibres de semillas de girasol, se ensayó un dosificador neumático por succión provisto de un aro que sectoriza los orificios de la placa dosificadora. Los objetivos fueron: 1- Medir las fallas en la carga de los orificios de la placa dosificadora, sumando las deficiencias y los excesos; 2- Determinar, con relación a las fallas producidas, las diferencias de comportamiento del dosificador en función de los calibres de semilla y velocidades de ensayo. Se concluye que el dosificador neumático evaluado, trabajando en un amplio rango de velocidades de avance, es capaz de manejar sin fallas significativas, las semillas de girasol independientemente de su forma o tamaño, incluyendo aquéllas sin calibrar.
The population density and spatial distribution of plants are determining factors for the efficient handling of a crop, emphasizing its potential production. Both factors are joined to the planter's mechanical seed-metering device to hand in the seeds one by one. The sunflowers seeds', even though, they are calibrated in size and shape, are difficult to hand in them using the traditional mechanical seed metering devices and they require a selected adjustment between the metering plate an seeds. The pneumatic seed-metering device can handle simultaneously commercial seeds, no matter the shape or size and some designs are able to handle non-calibrated ones. By using three forward speeds and four sunflowers seeds' calibers, a pneumatic seed-metering device by suction supplied with a ring that divides in two halves the metering plate holes was tested. The purpose of this was: 1- To establish the errors in the loading of the metering plate holes both by excess or by skipping; 2- To determine, related to errors in the loading, the seed metering device behavior as regards seeds' calibers and test forward speeds. Conclusion: the pneumatic seed metering device works in a wide range of forward speeds and it's being able to handle without significant errors, the sunflowers seeds', no matter their shape or size, including those one non-calibrated.
The population density and spatial distribution of plants are determining factors for the efficient handling of a crop, emphasizing its potential production. Both factors are joined to the planter's mechanical seed-metering device to hand in the seeds one by one. The sunflowers seeds', even though, they are calibrated in size and shape, are difficult to hand in them using the traditional mechanical seed metering devices and they require a selected adjustment between the metering plate an seeds. The pneumatic seed-metering device can handle simultaneously commercial seeds, no matter the shape or size and some designs are able to handle non-calibrated ones. By using three forward speeds and four sunflowers seeds' calibers, a pneumatic seed-metering device by suction supplied with a ring that divides in two halves the metering plate holes was tested. The purpose of this was: 1- To establish the errors in the loading of the metering plate holes both by excess or by skipping; 2- To determine, related to errors in the loading, the seed metering device behavior as regards seeds' calibers and test forward speeds. Conclusion: the pneumatic seed metering device works in a wide range of forward speeds and it's being able to handle without significant errors, the sunflowers seeds', no matter their shape or size, including those one non-calibrated.
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sembradoras, dosificación neumática de semillas, siembra de precisión, planters, seed metering, precision planting