Los gabinetes de prensa como fuente de información política en España
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2015
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UNR Editora
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Descripción
Las fuentes informativas son un elemento estructural clave
en la elaboración de la noticia y uno de los factores más determinantes
de las prácticas periodísticas. Cualquier modificación
de la trama de fuentes habituales implica necesariamente
una reconfiguración del entorno noticiable y abre una
fase de disputa por el dominio de la información. Una de esas
transformaciones la ha causado la proliferación de gabinetes
de prensa y de comunicación en organismos gubernamentales
e instituciones políticas desde los años 90, un proceso
que todavía no ha culminado, pero que ya ha alterado profundamente
los canales tradicionales de la comunicación
política. En este artículo presentamos los resultados de un
estudio de cómo los responsables de Política Nacional en 16
medios españoles de referencia en prensa, radio, televisión
y agencias de noticias perciben y valoran a los gabinetes de
prensa de partidos políticos y de instituciones gubernamentales
como fuentes informativas, y su papel mediador entre
políticos y periodistas. Las actitudes y valores identificados
han sido enmarcados en modelos de relación que, partiendo
de la consideración de dichos organismos como un ‘mal
necesario’, van de la mutua dependencia a la competición
News sources are a key structural element in newsmaking as well as a determining factor in journalistic practices. Any change in the sources network necessarily implies a change in the information environment, heralding a period of struggle for information control. One of those changes -an enormous one, indeed- has been caused by the proliferation of press and communication offices in political and governmental institutions since the ‘90, a process not yet completed which has deeply modified traditional channels of political communication. In this paper, we present the results from a survey of top journalists specialized in political information from 16 leading Spanish media outlets (press, radio, television and news agencies) about their perceptions on press offices as news sources and on its mediating role between politicians and journalists. The attitudes and values identified by our qualitative research has been analyzed using relationship models ranging from cooperation to conflict and mutual dependency
News sources are a key structural element in newsmaking as well as a determining factor in journalistic practices. Any change in the sources network necessarily implies a change in the information environment, heralding a period of struggle for information control. One of those changes -an enormous one, indeed- has been caused by the proliferation of press and communication offices in political and governmental institutions since the ‘90, a process not yet completed which has deeply modified traditional channels of political communication. In this paper, we present the results from a survey of top journalists specialized in political information from 16 leading Spanish media outlets (press, radio, television and news agencies) about their perceptions on press offices as news sources and on its mediating role between politicians and journalists. The attitudes and values identified by our qualitative research has been analyzed using relationship models ranging from cooperation to conflict and mutual dependency
Palabras clave
Periodismo, Fuentes de información, Comunicación política, Journalism, Information sources, Political comunication, España