Fanatismo y redes de reciprocidad
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2015
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UNR Editora
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Debido a diversos factores, entre los que se incluye el proceso
de mercantilización creciente de las sociedades contemporá-
neas y la divulgación a gran escala de la comunicación mediada
por computadora, tanto las prácticas de los y las fans como
el alcance mismo de los términos fan y fanatismo han sufrido
transformaciones. Es entonces preciso abandonar perspectivas
que restringen el fanatismo a procesos de conformación de subculturas,
o a un “tipo” de audiencias diferenciadas de las otras en
términos de grado, para adoptar una mirada lo suficientemente
amplia como para abarcar fenómenos diversos y así contribuir
a la unificación del hoy disperso campo de los estudios sobre
fans en América Latina. El fanatismo, según la hipótesis que aquí
se presenta, se ha convertido en un fondo de recursos diversos,
disponible para las audiencias, pero también para la industria.
Para la contrastación empírica de esta hipótesis se ha estudiado
desde la perspectiva del análisis del discurso un corpus de 48
foros de telenovelas latinoamericanas, en las que puede observarse
la actualización de muchos de los componentes de dicho
fondo. En este contexto, me propongo aquí llamar en particular la
atención sobre un rasgo que siempre caracterizó a los grupos de
fans aunque concita escasa mención en los trabajos que abordan
estas temáticas: la tendencia a formar circuitos de reciprocidad.
Aunque hayan basado sus conclusiones en sociedades tradicionales,
aquellos estudios que desde la antropología económica
han reflexionado sobre los intercambios materiales y simbólicos
pueden aportar una mirada nueva que permita iluminar las prácticas
de los y las fans poniendo el foco en las modalidades de
operación propias de estos agrupamientos
Due to various factors, among which we can mention the increasing process of commodification of contemporary societies and large-scale dissemination of CMC, both fan practices and the reach of terms like fan/fandom have been transformed. It is then necessary to abandon approaches that restrict fandom/fanship to processes of constitution of subcultures or to a “type” of audience that differ from the other in terms of degree, in order to adopt a view which is comprehensive enough to encompass different phenomena thus enabling the unification of today diffuse field of fan studies in Latin America. My hypothesis is that fandom has become a pool of resources available to audiences but also to industry. For the empirical contrast of this hypothesis, a body of 48 internet forums of Latin American telenovelas has been studied from the point of view of discourse analysis. The realization of many of the components of such pool of resources can be found in this object. In this context, I intend to center on a feature which was always characteristic of fandoms, although it has attracted little attention from the studies on these areas: the tendency to create networks of reciprocity. Although these works derived their conclusions from traditional societies, research in economical anthropology that has approached material and symbolic exchanges may contribute a new perspective to shed light on fan practices focusing on the operational modes of these groups.
Due to various factors, among which we can mention the increasing process of commodification of contemporary societies and large-scale dissemination of CMC, both fan practices and the reach of terms like fan/fandom have been transformed. It is then necessary to abandon approaches that restrict fandom/fanship to processes of constitution of subcultures or to a “type” of audience that differ from the other in terms of degree, in order to adopt a view which is comprehensive enough to encompass different phenomena thus enabling the unification of today diffuse field of fan studies in Latin America. My hypothesis is that fandom has become a pool of resources available to audiences but also to industry. For the empirical contrast of this hypothesis, a body of 48 internet forums of Latin American telenovelas has been studied from the point of view of discourse analysis. The realization of many of the components of such pool of resources can be found in this object. In this context, I intend to center on a feature which was always characteristic of fandoms, although it has attracted little attention from the studies on these areas: the tendency to create networks of reciprocity. Although these works derived their conclusions from traditional societies, research in economical anthropology that has approached material and symbolic exchanges may contribute a new perspective to shed light on fan practices focusing on the operational modes of these groups.
Palabras clave
Fanatismo, Audiencias, Telenovelas, América Latina, Fanaticism, Audience, Soap opera