Parasitosis intestinales en una población pediátrica de la ciudad de Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
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2011-04
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Federación Bioquímica de la Provincia de Buenos Aires
Resumen
Las parasitosis intestinales afectan principalmente a los niños. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer la situación actual en una población pediátrica de diferentes zonas de la ciudad de Rosario, Santa Fe (Argentina) y comparar la prevalencia parasitaria con estudios similares realizados en los períodos 1983/1984, 1990/1991, 1992/1993 y 2007/2008. Se recolectaron muestras de materia fecal por deposición espontánea de 112 pacientes, 51 niñas y 61 niños, con edades comprendidas entre 4 meses y 16 años, provenientes de 10 Centros de Atención Primaria de la Salud (Secretaría de Salud Pública - Municipalidad de Rosario). Las muestras fueron sometidas a examen macroscópico y microscópico directo y a métodos de concentración. En el período 2007/2008 los parásitos más hallados fueron Blastocystis hominis, Giardia lamblia y Ascaris lumbricoides. La prevalencia parasitaria disminuyó del 50% al 41%. Blastocystis hominis aumentó a través del tiempo; Giardia lamblia mantuvo valores constantes en las cuatro etapas; Entamoeba coli disminuyó en los últimos 14 años y Ascaris lumbricoides aumentó significativamente en relación con el período 1983/1984. Disminuyeron los individuos poliparasitados y aumentaron los monoparasitados con respecto a años anteriores. La disminución de las enteroparasitosis podría deberse a políticas de saneamiento ambiental, campañas de prevención y desparasitación realizadas desde los distintos efectores de salud municipales.
Faeces from 112 children patients (51 girls and 61 boys) ranging from 4 months old to 16 years old were studied. These patients were assisted in ten Public Health Care Centres in Rosario. The aim of this work was: to determine the incidence of enteric parasites in children, and to evaluate and compare parasite prevalence in the following periods: 1983/1984, 1990/1991, 1992/1993 and 2007/2008. Forty-one per cent of the samples showed protozoa and helmints. A decrease in the percentage of polyparasitized patients and an increase in the monoparasitized ones was observed when compared to previous years. Blastocystis hominis was found to increase in 2007/2008 while Giardia lamblia remained unaltered in the four periods studied. The occurrence of Entamoeba coli was found to decrease in the 1992/1993 period while Ascaris lumbricoides increased with time. These were the most common parasites found in the population studied. Enteric parasites decreased in children. The occurrence of parasites could be due to different socio-environmental factors: malnutrition, climate changes, and an increase both in temperature and humidity. However, a decrease in the levels of parasitosis was observed, which could be due to public health environmental policies, prevention campaigns and deparasitization from the different health care centres of the city.
Faeces from 112 children patients (51 girls and 61 boys) ranging from 4 months old to 16 years old were studied. These patients were assisted in ten Public Health Care Centres in Rosario. The aim of this work was: to determine the incidence of enteric parasites in children, and to evaluate and compare parasite prevalence in the following periods: 1983/1984, 1990/1991, 1992/1993 and 2007/2008. Forty-one per cent of the samples showed protozoa and helmints. A decrease in the percentage of polyparasitized patients and an increase in the monoparasitized ones was observed when compared to previous years. Blastocystis hominis was found to increase in 2007/2008 while Giardia lamblia remained unaltered in the four periods studied. The occurrence of Entamoeba coli was found to decrease in the 1992/1993 period while Ascaris lumbricoides increased with time. These were the most common parasites found in the population studied. Enteric parasites decreased in children. The occurrence of parasites could be due to different socio-environmental factors: malnutrition, climate changes, and an increase both in temperature and humidity. However, a decrease in the levels of parasitosis was observed, which could be due to public health environmental policies, prevention campaigns and deparasitization from the different health care centres of the city.
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Palabras clave
Parasitosis intestinales, Prevalencia, Población pediátrica, Protozoos, Helmintos, Intestinal parasitosis, Prevalence, Pediatric population, Protozoa, Helmints
Citación
Indelman Paula, Echenique Claudia, Bertorini Griselda, Racca Liliana, Gomez Carlos, Luque Alicia et al . Parasitosis intestinales en una población pediátrica de la ciudad de Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina. Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam. [revista en la Internet]. 2011 Jun; 45(2): 329-334. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0325-29572011000200011&lng=es