Impacto de la introducción del gen de resistencia a imidazolinonas sobre sorgo granífero (Sorghum bicolor L. Moech)
Fecha
2021
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Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias
Resumen
El cultivo de sorgo sufre importantes pérdidas de rendimiento debido a la competencia
con malezas y su control es vital para reducirlas. La resistencia a las imidazolinonas en el
cultivo de sorgo (conocida comercialmente como Igrowth) es reciente y otorga la posibilidad
del control de malezas en aplicaciones pos-emergentes. Las resistencias a herbicidas en los
cultivos casi siempre tienen un costo de adaptación que puede repercutir directamente en la
capacidad productiva. En este sentido, el propósito de la presente tesis es estudiar el impacto
de la resistencia sobre el rendimiento y otros atributos de interés sobre sorgo granífero. Para
ellos, se evaluó la incorporación del gen Igrowth sobre diferentes fondos genéticos en
experimentos con y sin la aplicación de herbicida realizados en diferentes ambientes. Se
trabajó con un total de cinco híbridos convencionales y sus isohibridos Igrowth generados a
través del método de retrocruza. No se detectaron efectos significativos del caracter sobre el
rendimiento para ninguno de los isohíbridos evaluados, conduciendo de esta manera a que
no existen mermas de rendimiento en grano por la introgresión del caracter. A diferencia de
esto, las variables fenotípicas estudiadas mostraron efectos de la introgresión del caracter. La
aplicación del herbicida no generó diferencias significativas en biomasa aérea. La interacción
del carácter por ambiente fue no significativa y no hubo efectos significativos del tratamiento
con el ambiente. Estos resultados permiten concluir que la mutación que otorga resistencia al
grupo químico imidazolinonas es segura para la producción de híbridos comerciales.
The sorghum crop suffers significant yield losses due to competition with weeds therefore, their control is vital to reduce them. Resistance to imidazolinones in sorghum is recent and provides the possibility of weed control in post-emergent applications. Herbicide resistance in crops almost always has an adaptation cost that can have a direct impact on productive capacity. The purpose of this thesis is to study the impact of resistance on yield and other attributes of interest on grain sorghum. The incorporation of the Igrowth gene on different genetic backgrounds was evaluated in experiments with and without herbicide application in different environments. Five conventional hybrids and their Igrowth isohybrids generated through the backcross method were selected. No significant effects of the character were detected on yield in any of the evaluated isohybrids, leading to the conclusion that there is no loss of grain yield due to the introgression of the character. In contrast, the phenotypic variables studied showed effects of character introgression. No significant differences were observed in aerial biomass with the herbicide application. The character-by-environment interaction was not significant and there were no significant effects of treatment-by-environment. These results would lead us to the conclusion that the mutation that gives resistance to the imidazolinones chemical group is safe to produce commercial hybrids.
The sorghum crop suffers significant yield losses due to competition with weeds therefore, their control is vital to reduce them. Resistance to imidazolinones in sorghum is recent and provides the possibility of weed control in post-emergent applications. Herbicide resistance in crops almost always has an adaptation cost that can have a direct impact on productive capacity. The purpose of this thesis is to study the impact of resistance on yield and other attributes of interest on grain sorghum. The incorporation of the Igrowth gene on different genetic backgrounds was evaluated in experiments with and without herbicide application in different environments. Five conventional hybrids and their Igrowth isohybrids generated through the backcross method were selected. No significant effects of the character were detected on yield in any of the evaluated isohybrids, leading to the conclusion that there is no loss of grain yield due to the introgression of the character. In contrast, the phenotypic variables studied showed effects of character introgression. No significant differences were observed in aerial biomass with the herbicide application. The character-by-environment interaction was not significant and there were no significant effects of treatment-by-environment. These results would lead us to the conclusion that the mutation that gives resistance to the imidazolinones chemical group is safe to produce commercial hybrids.
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Palabras clave
Imidazolinonas, Resistencia a los herbicidas, Interacción genotipo ambiente, Sorgo granífero, Sorghum bicolor, Igrowht, Fondo genético