El exilio y la codificación del derecho de asilo en América del Sur durante el siglo XIX
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2021-11-25
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Sección Historia. Instituto Superior de Profesorado N°3. Villa Constitución, Argentina
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Este artículo examina la relación entre el exilio y la codificación del derecho de asilo en América del Sur antes de 1889. Con raíces jurídicas en el derecho natural y de gentes, el asilo se extendió en el periodo pos-independencia. Ello acarreó problemas para los nuevos estados independientes, porque con frecuencia estas prácticas constituyeron una fuente de inestabilidad, provocando conflictos entre países vecinos e intervenciones europeas. En una serie de tratados y conferencias internacionales, se buscó a la vez proteger y controlar la práctica del asilo en América del Sur, en particular el diplomático, considerado ilegítimo por la mayor parte de los juristas europeos. En el Congreso de Derecho internacional privado de Montevideo de 1888/89, el asilo diplomático y territorial fue codificado en un tratado ratificado por cinco países sudamericanos, sentando las bases de la posterior evolución de la figura jurídica en el siglo XX. Este proceso recalca la importancia de tomar en cuenta la práctica del exilio en Sudamérica y las diferencias jurídicas con Europa para comprender el desarrollo del asilo en el marco de la codificación del derecho internacional.
This paper examines the relationship between exile and the codification of asylum law in South America before 1889. With legal roots in natural law and the law of nations, exile and asylum were widespread in the post-independence period. This caused problems for newly established states as these practices were often a source of instability, provoking conflict between neighbors and encouraging European interventions. In a series of treaties, conferences and agreements, states sought to limit asylum practice, in particular diplomatic asylum which European jurists considered illegitimate. In the 1888-89 Congress of International Private law in Montevideo, diplomatic and territorial asylum was codified in a treaty ratified by five South American countries, setting the basis for the posterior evolution of the legal concept. This process underscores the importance of taking into account the practice of exile in South America and the legal differences with Europe in order to understand the development of asylum law in the framework of the codification of international law.
This paper examines the relationship between exile and the codification of asylum law in South America before 1889. With legal roots in natural law and the law of nations, exile and asylum were widespread in the post-independence period. This caused problems for newly established states as these practices were often a source of instability, provoking conflict between neighbors and encouraging European interventions. In a series of treaties, conferences and agreements, states sought to limit asylum practice, in particular diplomatic asylum which European jurists considered illegitimate. In the 1888-89 Congress of International Private law in Montevideo, diplomatic and territorial asylum was codified in a treaty ratified by five South American countries, setting the basis for the posterior evolution of the legal concept. This process underscores the importance of taking into account the practice of exile in South America and the legal differences with Europe in order to understand the development of asylum law in the framework of the codification of international law.
Palabras clave
Exilio, Asilo, Refugiados, Conferencias interamericanas, Siglo XIX, Exile, Asylum