La asimetría entre receptores y donantes como problema sanitario. Exploración de la aceptación o la negativa familiar a la donación de órganos y tejidos
Fecha
2021-06-18
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Universidad de Costa Rica
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Descripción
La investigación tuvo por objetivo indagar los conocimientos, las actitudes y las creencias de familias involucradas en procesos de decisión sobre la donación de órganos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio de carácter cualitativo con un diseño de tipo descriptivo e interpretativo. Participaron 14 grupos familiares de potenciales donantes y se elaboró un guion temático para el desarrollo de entrevistas a 10 de ellos que aceptaron y a 4 que rechazaron la donación. De acuerdo con los resultados, las decisiones se vieron facilitadas cuando los parientes contaban con información sobre la voluntad del donante. Quienes se opusieron desconocían la voluntad de los posibles dadores, pues no tenían comunicación específica con respecto del tema. Al interior del círculo familiar, las madres asumieron un papel relevante al momento de consentir. El acto de donar conlleva una visión positiva de generosidad y altruismo, aunque permanecen prejuicios y desconfianza en cuanto a los procedimientos y la transparencia de los profesionales y las instituciones participantes. Las personas entrevistas tuvieron dificultad para precisar la identidad de quien solicitó la donación, con marcado desconocimiento de las instituciones y normas regulatorias. Se concluyó la necesidad de reforzar en la ciudadanía la importancia de la donación de órganos, así como la transparencia y confianza institucional. El diálogo dentro del hogar sobre la voluntad de donar resulta fundamental para la toma de decisiones favorables.
The objective of the research was to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of family groups involved in decision-making processes about the procurement and donation of organs. A qualitative study was carried out with a descriptive and interpretive design. Fourteen potential donor family groups participated in the study who accepted or opposed the organ donation process. A thematic script was created for the development of interviews with 10 families who accepted and 4 who rejected the donation. The results showed that decisions were made easier when the family had information about the donor's wishes. Those who opposed were unaware of the will and did not have precise communication with potential givers on the matter. Within the family group, mothers assumed a relevant role at the time of the favorable definition. The act of donation carries a positive vision of generosity and altruism, although prejudices and mistrust remains regarding the procedures and transparency of the professionals and institutions that participate. The interviewees had difficulty determining the identity of the person who requested the donation, with marked ignorance of the institutions and norms that regulate this action. The importance of strengthening communication in the population about the importance of organ donation, as well as transparency and institutional trust, is concluded. Dialogue within the family about people's willingness to donate is relevant for making a favorable decision.
The objective of the research was to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of family groups involved in decision-making processes about the procurement and donation of organs. A qualitative study was carried out with a descriptive and interpretive design. Fourteen potential donor family groups participated in the study who accepted or opposed the organ donation process. A thematic script was created for the development of interviews with 10 families who accepted and 4 who rejected the donation. The results showed that decisions were made easier when the family had information about the donor's wishes. Those who opposed were unaware of the will and did not have precise communication with potential givers on the matter. Within the family group, mothers assumed a relevant role at the time of the favorable definition. The act of donation carries a positive vision of generosity and altruism, although prejudices and mistrust remains regarding the procedures and transparency of the professionals and institutions that participate. The interviewees had difficulty determining the identity of the person who requested the donation, with marked ignorance of the institutions and norms that regulate this action. The importance of strengthening communication in the population about the importance of organ donation, as well as transparency and institutional trust, is concluded. Dialogue within the family about people's willingness to donate is relevant for making a favorable decision.
Palabras clave
Donación de órganos y tejidos, Trasplante de órganos, Conocimientos y actitud hacia la donación, Organ and tissue donation, Organ Transplantation, Knowledge and attitude towards donation