Estrategias de prevención de dengue: Rosario, Argentina
Fecha
2004-09
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Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva
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A pesar de la presencia de Aëdes aegypti en el municipio de Rosario -República Argentina - no se han notificado casos de Dengue autóctono. Esta condición y otras características, que convierten a la ciudad vulnerable para el desarrollo de la enfermedad, brindan, en contrapartida la posibilidad de intervenir para prevenirla, como pocas veces ofrecen los problemas de salud comunitaria. El Sistema Municipal de Epidemiología definió en el marco de un proceso intersectorial y coparticipativo entre Estado y Comunidad, acciones de promoción y prevención dirigidas a lograr la cooperación efectiva de la población en la eliminación de criaderos potenciales del vector. Se inició así en el año 2000, un proceso, con diversos grados de intervención estatal, centrando el trabajo en la acción de promotores domiciliarios, que acercaron conocimientos a los ciudadanos sobre el Dengue y su vector transmisor. Se recabó, además información para evaluar el riesgo asociado a la presencia de criaderos. La actividad se extendió a establecimientos educacionales y organizaciones barriales. Se promovieron, también, actividades intersectoriales concretas de limpieza y ordenamiento ambiental. La evaluación de dichas intervenciones, permitió verificar el perfeccionamiento de los conocimientos de la población mediante la promoción personalizada y posibilitó apreciar que se lograron mejores resultados con la incorporación de las escuelas y con las intervenciones realizadas con amplia participación estatal. Este trabajo puso en evidencia la necesidad del rol del Estado como incentivador y organizador de actividades para modificar actitudes e incorporar comportamientos responsables y solidarios de los ciudadanos, que aporten a las estrategias saludables.
In spite of the presence of the Aëdes aegypti in the city of Rosario -Argentina- there is no evidence of reports of autochthonous Dengue. This condition and other characteristics that make the city a vulnerable place for the development of the illness, offer, as a counterpart, the possibility to prevent it, a condition that is very rarely present in public health. The Epidemiology System of Rosario laid out, within the framework of an intersectorial and coparticipative process between Government and Community, promotion and prevention tasks, aimed to achieve the effective cooperation of the population in order to eliminate the potential larval habitats of the vector. A process with different types of State interventions centered on the work of household promoters who provided information about Dengue and its transmitting vector to the community started in 2000. Information was also collected to test the associated risk of larval habitats. The activity was expanded to schools and local organizations. Concrete intersectorial actions on environmental cleaning and arrangement were also promoted. The assessment of such interventions provided the realization of the improvement of popular knowledge through personalized promotion, and made it possible to appreciate that better achievements were obtained by interventions with a major participation of the State and by involving schools. This work evidenced the need of a cooperative government that fosters and organizes activities in order to change attitudes and incorporate responsible and caring citizen behaviors that contribute to healthy strategies.
In spite of the presence of the Aëdes aegypti in the city of Rosario -Argentina- there is no evidence of reports of autochthonous Dengue. This condition and other characteristics that make the city a vulnerable place for the development of the illness, offer, as a counterpart, the possibility to prevent it, a condition that is very rarely present in public health. The Epidemiology System of Rosario laid out, within the framework of an intersectorial and coparticipative process between Government and Community, promotion and prevention tasks, aimed to achieve the effective cooperation of the population in order to eliminate the potential larval habitats of the vector. A process with different types of State interventions centered on the work of household promoters who provided information about Dengue and its transmitting vector to the community started in 2000. Information was also collected to test the associated risk of larval habitats. The activity was expanded to schools and local organizations. Concrete intersectorial actions on environmental cleaning and arrangement were also promoted. The assessment of such interventions provided the realization of the improvement of popular knowledge through personalized promotion, and made it possible to appreciate that better achievements were obtained by interventions with a major participation of the State and by involving schools. This work evidenced the need of a cooperative government that fosters and organizes activities in order to change attitudes and incorporate responsible and caring citizen behaviors that contribute to healthy strategies.
Palabras clave
Dengue, Prevención, Participación comunitaria, Prevention, Community participation