Habitar el “desierto”. Derecho a la tierra y territorialidad indígena en el sur de Neuquén, 1885-1955
Fecha
2020
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Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Humanidades y Artes. Escuela de Historia
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En el Territorio Nacional de Neuquén, finalizadas las campañas militares de ocupación de las tierras indígenas, los intentos de reconstitución de la vida comunitaria mapuche llevados adelante configuraron, en su área sur, una región de gran dinamismo. A pesar de contar con numerosos casos de lof (comunidades) que llegaban en estado cohesivo a la provincialización (1955), el extremo sur del Territorio neuquino exhibió poco de ese dinamismo característico unos kilómetros al norte. Por el contrario, allí habitaban cerca de una decena de comunidades cuyos procesos de reconstrucción se vieron interrumpidos en algún momento durante la etapa territoriana. Para indagar en torno a ello, analizaremos los casos de dos de esas comunidades, vinculando las formas de acceso a la tierra y las posibilidades de desarrollo de la territorialidad indígena.
In the National Territory of Neuquen, once the military campaigns that intended to occupy indigenous lands were finished, the reconstruction of communities led by the mapuche people created a dynamic region in its southern area. In spite of numerous cases of lof (communities) arriving at themoment Neuquen turned into a province (1955) in a cohesive shape, the further south of the Territory had little of that characteristic dynamism to show. On the contrary, those were the lands of nearly ten communities whose reconstructive processes were interrupted at some point during the territorial stage. In order to inquire in relation to that, this paper analyses the cases of two communities, binding the forms of access to land and the possibilities indigenous people had to develop their territoriality.
In the National Territory of Neuquen, once the military campaigns that intended to occupy indigenous lands were finished, the reconstruction of communities led by the mapuche people created a dynamic region in its southern area. In spite of numerous cases of lof (communities) arriving at themoment Neuquen turned into a province (1955) in a cohesive shape, the further south of the Territory had little of that characteristic dynamism to show. On the contrary, those were the lands of nearly ten communities whose reconstructive processes were interrupted at some point during the territorial stage. In order to inquire in relation to that, this paper analyses the cases of two communities, binding the forms of access to land and the possibilities indigenous people had to develop their territoriality.
Palabras clave
Territorialidad, Indígena, Pueblo mapuche, Territoriality, Indigenous, Mapuche people