Venezuela bolivariana: reinvención del presente y persistencia del pasado
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2010-10
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Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales, Universidad Nacional de Rosario
Resumen
Lo que ha venido denominándose “populismo” no es sino la respuesta al enorme deterioro
social, político y económico en que se sumió
Venezuela en los ochenta y noventa. Un país
fragmentado y carente del cemento social de la
inclusión, puso en marcha fórmulas de identidad
que superaran los cuellos de botella de la representación liberal. Al tiempo, la recuperación de
la renta petrolera por parte del Estado permitió
activar políticas públicas participadas popularmente –las misiones– que ayudaron a mejorar
considerablemente la situación popular en los
ámbitos de la alimentación, la sanidad, la educación, infraestructuras, etc. A partir de 2005, la
apuesta fue por el “socialismo del siglo XXI”,
si bien las debilidades históricas del Estado dificultan avanzar en esa fórmula. La actitud de la
oposición, que no dudó en recurrir a un golpe
de Estado para sacar a Chávez del poder, así
como las constantes presiones norteamericanas,
han marcado la última década, generando una
polarización que dificulta el debate y ayuda a la
imagen crispada que los medios internacionales
transmiten de Venezuela.
The so-called “populism” is nothing but the response to the 1980s and 1990s social, political and economic decay undergone by Venezuela. A fragmented country lacking the inclusion’s social cement put forward identity patterns to overcome the bottle-necks produced by the liberal representation. The oil revenues recovery by the state set in motion public policies which were popularly shared misiones. They helped to largely improve the popular situation as regards food, health, education, infrastructure, etc. Though state’s historical weaknesses have undermined the proposal, since 2005 the bet has been on “Twenty First Century Socialism”. Attitudes of the political opposition such as resorting to a “coup d’ ètat” in order to overthrow Chávez from power as well as incessant American pressures characterized the last decade. This has resulted in a polarization that not only hinders the debate but also encourages Venezuela’s convulsion image which international media transmit.
The so-called “populism” is nothing but the response to the 1980s and 1990s social, political and economic decay undergone by Venezuela. A fragmented country lacking the inclusion’s social cement put forward identity patterns to overcome the bottle-necks produced by the liberal representation. The oil revenues recovery by the state set in motion public policies which were popularly shared misiones. They helped to largely improve the popular situation as regards food, health, education, infrastructure, etc. Though state’s historical weaknesses have undermined the proposal, since 2005 the bet has been on “Twenty First Century Socialism”. Attitudes of the political opposition such as resorting to a “coup d’ ètat” in order to overthrow Chávez from power as well as incessant American pressures characterized the last decade. This has resulted in a polarization that not only hinders the debate but also encourages Venezuela’s convulsion image which international media transmit.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Venezuela, Socialismo del siglo XXI, Misions, Twenty first century socialism
Citación
Juan Carlos Monedero, “Venezuela bolivariana: reinvención del presente y persistencia del pasado”. Revista Temas y Debates. ISSN 1666-0714, año 14, número 20, octubre 2010, pp 229-256.