La pandemia de Covid-19 y la Unión Europea: el Estado, la democracia, la decepción, ¿y la esperanza?
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2020-07
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UNR Editora
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En la pandemia del coronavirus Covid-19,
Europa pasó a ser el epicentro, luego de Asia, y
antes de que llegara a América. En este escenario, las fronteras nacionales reaparecieron y los
ciudadanos se sintieron seguros al estar dentro
de un Estado “cerrado”, inclusive a expensas de
sus derechos individuales. La Unión Europea
(UE), con una función de acompañamiento y
apoyo en temas de salud, debió “navegar” entre
estas estructuras de multi-niveles. Aunque los
ciudadanos europeos hayan criticado su lentitud
e ineficacia, saben que sigue siendo un esquema
de soporte necesario e imprescindible. En este
trabajo, nos proponemos describir los efectos
disruptivos de la pandemia en el proceso de integración europea. Para ello, identificamos tres
aspectos: las tensiones entre el nivel nacional
y el nivel europeo, el impacto sobre las instituciones democráticas de los Estados miembros, y
las percepciones y actitudes de los ciudadanos
respecto del manejo de la pandemia por parte de
la UE. Es probable que la UE, por primera vez
en mucho tiempo, pueda dar la respuesta que
sus ciudadanos esperan y salir reforzada de esta
crisis.
In the Covid-19 coronavirus pandemic, Europe became the epicenter after Asia, and before it reached America. In this scenario, national borders reappeared and citizens felt safe being within their “closed” state, even at the expense of their individual rights. The European Union (EU), with a complement and support function on health issues, had to “navigate” between these multi-level structures. Moreover, even if European citizens have criticized EU’s slowness and inefficiency, they know that it remains a necessary and essential support scheme. In this paper, we aim at describing the disruptive effects of the pandemic on the process of European integration, identifying three areas: the tensions between the national level and the European level, the impact on the democratic institutions of the Member States, and citizens’ perceptions and attitudes about the EU’s management of the pandemic. Possibly the EU, for the first time in a long time, could give the answer that its citizens expect and come out stronger from this crisis.
In the Covid-19 coronavirus pandemic, Europe became the epicenter after Asia, and before it reached America. In this scenario, national borders reappeared and citizens felt safe being within their “closed” state, even at the expense of their individual rights. The European Union (EU), with a complement and support function on health issues, had to “navigate” between these multi-level structures. Moreover, even if European citizens have criticized EU’s slowness and inefficiency, they know that it remains a necessary and essential support scheme. In this paper, we aim at describing the disruptive effects of the pandemic on the process of European integration, identifying three areas: the tensions between the national level and the European level, the impact on the democratic institutions of the Member States, and citizens’ perceptions and attitudes about the EU’s management of the pandemic. Possibly the EU, for the first time in a long time, could give the answer that its citizens expect and come out stronger from this crisis.
Palabras clave
Unión Europea, Pandemia, COVID-19, Democracia, Estados miembros, European Union, Ciudadanos