Estado y pandemia: entre el deber y la responsabilidad
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2020-07
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UNR Editora
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La potestad-deber del Estado para preservar la salud de la población puede rastrearse desde tiempos remotos. Prestigiosos autores del Derecho
Administrativo han dado ejemplos de ello. La
salud e higiene públicas integran una de las tres
categorías con que se ha caracterizado lo que se
conoce como “poder de policía” del Estado, el
cual no debe confundirse con la policía de seguridad, sino que hace alusión al poder de limitar
los derechos de los ciudadanos en función de
la protección de la seguridad, la salubridad y la
moralidad públicas. Cabe aclarar que estas tres
categorías refieren a la concepción más restringida del poder de policía que se conoce como
“narrow” y se encuentra ligada a una visión del
Estado liberal. No hay duda de que la pandemia
por Covid-19 ha renovado esta intervención, y
obligó a las personas a seguir determinados protocolos que les son impuestos desde el Estado.
Sin embargo, el ejercicio de esta potestad-deber
por parte las autoridades estatales las coloca ante
la responsabilidad de evitar los daños que tales
limitaciones acarrean a las personas en lo que
respecta a su economía y al ejercicio de la libertad. El artículo intenta analizar los antecedentes
remotos en la jurisprudencia argentina y las normas que regulan actualmente la responsabilidad
del Estado por su actividad lícita, a fin de dejar
en claro la importancia del rol que a cada ciudadano le cabe para recuperar el pleno ejercicio de
sus derechos constitucionales.
The power and duty of the Government to preserve the health of the population can be traced back to ancient times. Prestigious writers of administrative law have given examples of that. Public health and sanitation are part of one of the three categories of what is known as “police power” of the Government, which must not be confused with the security police, but refers to the authority to restrict the rights of the citizens to protect public safety, health and morale. It is important to note that these three categories refer to the most restrictive interpretation of the police power, which is known as “narrow” and is linked to a liberal. There is no doubt that the COVID-19 pandemic has renewed this intervention, as it is compulsory to follow certain protocols that are imposed to the population by the Government. However, the exercise of this power-duty on behalf of Government authorities place them with the responsibility to avoid the damages that such restrictions cause to people with respect to their economy and the exercise of their freedom. This publication intends to analyze historic records in Argentine case law and the norms that currently regulate the responsibility of the Government for acting within the law, in order to clarify the importance of the role that each citizen plays to recover their right to exercise fully their constitutional rights.
The power and duty of the Government to preserve the health of the population can be traced back to ancient times. Prestigious writers of administrative law have given examples of that. Public health and sanitation are part of one of the three categories of what is known as “police power” of the Government, which must not be confused with the security police, but refers to the authority to restrict the rights of the citizens to protect public safety, health and morale. It is important to note that these three categories refer to the most restrictive interpretation of the police power, which is known as “narrow” and is linked to a liberal. There is no doubt that the COVID-19 pandemic has renewed this intervention, as it is compulsory to follow certain protocols that are imposed to the population by the Government. However, the exercise of this power-duty on behalf of Government authorities place them with the responsibility to avoid the damages that such restrictions cause to people with respect to their economy and the exercise of their freedom. This publication intends to analyze historic records in Argentine case law and the norms that currently regulate the responsibility of the Government for acting within the law, in order to clarify the importance of the role that each citizen plays to recover their right to exercise fully their constitutional rights.
Palabras clave
Estado, Poder de policía, Pandemia, COVID-19, Responsabilidad del Estado, Police power, State