Estudio de la calidad fisiológica de semillas de girasol (Helianthus annuus L.) durante su procesamiento: un caso particular
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2017-05-26
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FCA-UNR
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Se analizó la incidencia que tiene el procesamiento de semilla de girasol, sobre su calidad
fisiológica, durante la secuencia operativa de la planta de procesamiento de Tecnoseeds
Venado Tuerto.
Se utilizaron dos híbridos de cáscara negra. Se evaluaron ocho etapas de procesamiento: 1)
Testigo (ingreso a la planta de procesamiento), 2) Prelimpieza, 3) Salida conjunta grado 1 y 2,
4) Salida conjunta grado 3 y 4, 5) Grado 1, 6) Grado 2, 7) Grado 3 y 8) Grado 4.
La calidad fisiológica de las semillas se determinó mediante las técnicas de Prueba de
germinación estándar, Prueba de frío, Prueba de envejecimiento acelerado, Viabilidad por
Prueba topográfica por Tetrazolio y Prueba de conductividad eléctrica a las 4 y 20 horas. Los
resultados se analizaron mediante ANOVA y comparación de medias de Test de Tuckey y
Duncan. Se encontró que durante las distintas etapas de procesamiento la calidad fisiológica
de las semillas de girasol no fue afectada. Postulamos que, la capacidad de las semillas de
girasol, de conservar su calidad fisiológica durante el procesamiento, podría atribuirse
fundamentalmente a las características estructurales del aquenio, el cual presenta alta
rigidez en su pericarpio y una cámara de aire que amortiguaría los potenciales daños
mecánicos operados durante el procesamiento.
Our aim was to analyze the effect of each processing stage on the physiological quality of the sunflower achene. Two black oil sunflower seed hybrids from the seed processing plant of Tecnoseeds SA, were used to assess eight processing stages: 1) at the processing plant entry (control); 2) pre-cleaning stage; 3) 1st and 2nd grade joint exit; 4) 3rd and 4th joint exit; 5) 1st grade; 6) 2nd grade; 7) 3rd grade; and 8) 4th grade. The physiological quality was determined by the following methods: germination test, cold test, the accelerating ageing test, topographical tetrazolium test for viability, and conductivity test after four and twenty hours. The analysis of variance, Tukey and the Duncan test were performed and results showed that the physiological quality was not affected at any of the processing stages. Thus the capacity of the sunflower seed to keep its physiological quality during processing could be mainly due to the structural characteristics of the achene which shows high pericarp hardness and an air chamber that would buffer the potential mechanical damage during processing.
Our aim was to analyze the effect of each processing stage on the physiological quality of the sunflower achene. Two black oil sunflower seed hybrids from the seed processing plant of Tecnoseeds SA, were used to assess eight processing stages: 1) at the processing plant entry (control); 2) pre-cleaning stage; 3) 1st and 2nd grade joint exit; 4) 3rd and 4th joint exit; 5) 1st grade; 6) 2nd grade; 7) 3rd grade; and 8) 4th grade. The physiological quality was determined by the following methods: germination test, cold test, the accelerating ageing test, topographical tetrazolium test for viability, and conductivity test after four and twenty hours. The analysis of variance, Tukey and the Duncan test were performed and results showed that the physiological quality was not affected at any of the processing stages. Thus the capacity of the sunflower seed to keep its physiological quality during processing could be mainly due to the structural characteristics of the achene which shows high pericarp hardness and an air chamber that would buffer the potential mechanical damage during processing.
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Girasol, Helianthus annuus L., Calidad de las semillas, Procesamiento