Las restricciones no arancelarias argentinas en el MERCOSUR: normas y política en los conflictos comerciales
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2015-06
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Centro de Estudios en Relaciones Internacionales de Rosario
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Descripción
Este artículo aborda las restricciones no arancelarias como problema constante en la agenda del MERCOSUR. Analiza la propia definición de “restricción” o “barrera” a nivel internacional, observando que dificulta su identificación y genera discusiones sobre su legitimidad, dos problemas que enfrentó la normativa del proceso de integración. En este marco, el artículo da cuenta de los principales conflictos surgidos a raíz de restricciones no arancelarias aplicadas por Argentina contra la importación de Brasil durante diez años. Evidencia que si tempranamente la normativa del MERCOSUR definió las restricciones como instrumentos ilegítimos en el proceso de integración, el escaso avance que hubo en el establecimiento de instrumentos regionales para abordarlas hizo que las restricciones se fueran naturalizando como parte del proceso. La insatisfacción tanto con los mecanismos de consultas regionales como con el sistema de solución de controversias hizo que la mayoría de aquellos conflictos fueran negociados de manera bilateral, perpetuándose un círculo vicioso entre la debilidad de aquellos instrumentos normativos regionales y la preferencia de los líderes nacionales por negociar las restricciones a nivel político.
This article deals with non-tariff barriers as a permanent problem in MERCOSUR. First, it analyses the international definition of “barriers”, which creates difficulties to identify them and generates discussions on their legitimacy. It shows that MERCOSUR regulations faced also both problems. Second, the article addresses the main conflicts emerged from non-tariff barriers imposed by Argentina against Brazilian imports. It demonstrates that MERCOSUR regulations early defined non-tariff barriers as illegitimate instruments in the integration process, but because of the lack of effective regional mechanisms to deal with them, they became ordinary. The dissatisfaction of different agents with the performance of the consultative mechanisms and the regional court had as a consequence a bilateral approach to trade conflicts, perpetuating the relation among weak regional regulations and preferences of national leaders for political negotiations as a vicious cycle.
This article deals with non-tariff barriers as a permanent problem in MERCOSUR. First, it analyses the international definition of “barriers”, which creates difficulties to identify them and generates discussions on their legitimacy. It shows that MERCOSUR regulations faced also both problems. Second, the article addresses the main conflicts emerged from non-tariff barriers imposed by Argentina against Brazilian imports. It demonstrates that MERCOSUR regulations early defined non-tariff barriers as illegitimate instruments in the integration process, but because of the lack of effective regional mechanisms to deal with them, they became ordinary. The dissatisfaction of different agents with the performance of the consultative mechanisms and the regional court had as a consequence a bilateral approach to trade conflicts, perpetuating the relation among weak regional regulations and preferences of national leaders for political negotiations as a vicious cycle.
Palabras clave
Argentina, MERCOSUR, Restricciones no arancelarias, Non-tariff barriers