Vida asociativa al ras del suelo en una aldea peronista activismo obrero y popular en Mar del Plata, 1943-1955
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2015-05
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Revista Páginas. Escuela de Historia. Facultad de Humanidades y Artes. Universidad Nacional de Rosario
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En este artículo ensayamos un mapeo de la activación política a ras del suelo. Rastreamos las distintas formas de asociacionismo obrero y popular en la Mar del Plata de mediados del siglo XX: sindicatos, bibliotecas, sociedades de fomento. También nos ocupamos de las distintas formas de articulación entre aquellas asociaciones y el activismo de peronistas, anarquistas, socialistas. En este sentido, nuestra intención es poner de relieve las fricciones entre identidades no siempre compatibles, así como destacar los ruidos y desajustes en las articulaciones hegemónicas que enlazaban a aquellas asociaciones. Según conjeturamos, la hegemonía que sobre estos espacios ejercieron las distintas organizaciones políticopartidarias, así como las iniciativas gubernamentales y estatales que sobre aquellos espacios impactaron, no lograron eclipsar por completo los márgenes de independencia, ya que una cuota de iniciativa propia fue irreductible a aquellos deseos de hegemonía. El asociacionismo obrero y popular en todo momento reservó una cuota de poder decisional para sí, en el mayor de los casos vinculado a sus ‘intereses particularistas’. En este sentido, aquellos espacios fueron “nidos de la democracia”, pero de una democracia no liberal cargada de eventos de beligerancia popular.
This article proposes an overview of ground-floor political activation. It reviews the diverse forms of workers’ associative initiatives that existed in Mar del Plata towards the mid-20th century: unions, libraries, neighbourhood councils. It also deals with the varied relations between the latter and the activism of peronists, anarchists and socialists. The intention here is to show the frictions between sometimes incompatible identities at that time, and to highlight the existing noises and imbalances in the hegemonic articulations between those associations. In my view, the hegemony of diverse political and partisan organisations over these spaces, as well as the governmental and state initiatives that had an impact on these, did not succeed entirely in stopping their independence. Indeed, a quota of ‘autonomy’ existed in those hegemonic initiatives. Popular and workers’ associative initiatives always preserved some independence, generally linked to their ‘particularist interests’. In this sense, those spaces were ‘nests of democracy’; not of a liberal democracy but one loaded with popular belligerency.
This article proposes an overview of ground-floor political activation. It reviews the diverse forms of workers’ associative initiatives that existed in Mar del Plata towards the mid-20th century: unions, libraries, neighbourhood councils. It also deals with the varied relations between the latter and the activism of peronists, anarchists and socialists. The intention here is to show the frictions between sometimes incompatible identities at that time, and to highlight the existing noises and imbalances in the hegemonic articulations between those associations. In my view, the hegemony of diverse political and partisan organisations over these spaces, as well as the governmental and state initiatives that had an impact on these, did not succeed entirely in stopping their independence. Indeed, a quota of ‘autonomy’ existed in those hegemonic initiatives. Popular and workers’ associative initiatives always preserved some independence, generally linked to their ‘particularist interests’. In this sense, those spaces were ‘nests of democracy’; not of a liberal democracy but one loaded with popular belligerency.
Palabras clave
Asociacionismo, Activación Política, Clases subalternas, Democracia, Associationism, Political Activation, Subaltern classes