¿Adiós a las armas? Una aproximación a la defensa nacional argentina (1963-2019) a partir de su política de armamentos
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2019-06
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SeIDeSoC
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El presente artículo analiza la evolución de las Fuerzas Armadas argentinas entre 1963 y 2019 a partir de su política de armamentos. En la primera parte del artículo se analiza el sistema presupuestario argentino a los efectos de entender a qué rubro corresponde la compra de material bélico. Asimismo, se definen algunos conceptos claves vinculados a la política de armamentos. En la segunda parte se estudia cuánto representa la compra de armamentos respecto al total de presupuesto de defensa de Argentina y, además, se lo enmarca en el gasto efectuado en Suramérica; descartando que hubiera habido en la región una carrera armamentista. Posteriormente se estudia la evolución de la política de armamentos de Argentina (19632019) relacionando la política presupuestaria con el estado de los mismos. Si bien se observa una recuperación durante el gobierno de Mauricio Macri (2011-2019), se sostiene que dicha recuperación supone un cambio en el modelo de Fuerzas Armadas debido fundamentalmente a que los medios que se han recuperado y/o adquirido están más enfocados a hacer frente a los problemas transnacionales, más que unas Fuerzas Armadas con capacidades operativas para defender los intereses vitales de dicho país.
This article analyzes the evolution of the Argentine Armed Forces between 1963 and 2019, based on its armaments policy. In the first part of the article the Argentine budgetary system is analyzed in order to understand which item corresponds to the purchase of war material. Likewise, some key concepts linked to the armaments policy are defined. The second part studies how much the purchase of armaments represents with respect to the total defense budget of Argentina and, in addition, it is framed to the expenditure made in South America; discarding that there had been an arms race in the region. Subsequently, the evolution of the armaments policy of Argentina (1963- 2019) is studied, relating budgetary policy with the state of the same. Although there is a recovery during the government of Mauricio Macri (2011-2019), it is maintained that this recovery implies a change in the model of the Armed Forces, mainly because the means that have been recovered and/or acquired are more focused on making in the face of transnational problems, more than armed forces with operational capabilities to defend the vital interests of that country.
This article analyzes the evolution of the Argentine Armed Forces between 1963 and 2019, based on its armaments policy. In the first part of the article the Argentine budgetary system is analyzed in order to understand which item corresponds to the purchase of war material. Likewise, some key concepts linked to the armaments policy are defined. The second part studies how much the purchase of armaments represents with respect to the total defense budget of Argentina and, in addition, it is framed to the expenditure made in South America; discarding that there had been an arms race in the region. Subsequently, the evolution of the armaments policy of Argentina (1963- 2019) is studied, relating budgetary policy with the state of the same. Although there is a recovery during the government of Mauricio Macri (2011-2019), it is maintained that this recovery implies a change in the model of the Armed Forces, mainly because the means that have been recovered and/or acquired are more focused on making in the face of transnational problems, more than armed forces with operational capabilities to defend the vital interests of that country.
Palabras clave
Argentina, Política de defensa, Fuerzas Armadas, Presupuesto, Armamentos