Instituciones como imaginarios : micro-fundaciones e implicaciones macrosociales ejemplificadas por el Partido de los Trabajadores (Brasil)
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2018-07
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UNR Editora
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Descripción
Las instituciones son consideradas en la mayoría
de los casos como reglas y estructuras duraderas
que cumplen cierta función social o económica.
En contraste, este artículo describe una concepción de las instituciones como imaginaciones,
que pone un énfasis particular en el potencial
creativo inherente al desarrollo institucional.
La centralidad de la imaginación, basada en el
trabajo de Cornelius Castoriadis y John Searle,
se expone tanto a nivel social como a nivel individual. Mientras Castoriadis proporciona una
descripción de los imaginarios sociales en el
nivel social, el trabajo de Searle sobre la mente y el lenguaje permite identificar la estructura
complementaria de la intencionalidad en el nivel individual. Así, las instituciones se conciben
como imaginarios sociales que son creados por
grupos e individuos, compartidos y colectivizados a través de textos y símbolos y, en ciertos
momentos de cambio institucional, son reapropiados y redefinidos por los actores sociales. El
PT brasileño sirve como ejemplo para mostrar
cómo un proceso de cambio institucional surgió
de la imaginación. Antes de que se desarrollara la
acción colectiva a finales de la década de 1970,
las identidades y estrategias colectivas para la
acción se habían preconfigurado en el nivel de
la imaginación. Además, los fundamentos imaginativos del partido siguieron siendo relevantes
incluso décadas después, lo que se hizo evidente
en la crisis provocada por el llamado escándalo
de Mensalão.
Institutions are mostly regarded as durable rules and structures that fulfil certain social or economic function. By contrast, this article outlines a conception of institutions as imaginations, which puts particular emphasis on the creative potential inherent in institutional development. Based on the work of Cornelius Castoriadis and John Searle, the centrality of imagination is expounded on the social as well as on the individual level. While Castoriadis provides an account of social imaginaries on the societal level, Searle’s work on mind and language allows to identify the complementary structure of intentionality on the individual level. Thus, institutions are conceived as social imaginaries which are created by groups and individuals, shared and collectivized through texts and symbols and, in certain moments of institutional change, reappropriated and redefined by social actors. The Brazilian PT serves as an example to show that institutional change emerged from imagination. Before collective action and organization building took place in the late 1970s, collective identities and strategies for action had been preconfigured on the level of imagination. Moreover, the party’s imaginative foundations remained relevant even decades later, which became evident in the crisis triggerd by the so-called Mensalão scandal.
Institutions are mostly regarded as durable rules and structures that fulfil certain social or economic function. By contrast, this article outlines a conception of institutions as imaginations, which puts particular emphasis on the creative potential inherent in institutional development. Based on the work of Cornelius Castoriadis and John Searle, the centrality of imagination is expounded on the social as well as on the individual level. While Castoriadis provides an account of social imaginaries on the societal level, Searle’s work on mind and language allows to identify the complementary structure of intentionality on the individual level. Thus, institutions are conceived as social imaginaries which are created by groups and individuals, shared and collectivized through texts and symbols and, in certain moments of institutional change, reappropriated and redefined by social actors. The Brazilian PT serves as an example to show that institutional change emerged from imagination. Before collective action and organization building took place in the late 1970s, collective identities and strategies for action had been preconfigured on the level of imagination. Moreover, the party’s imaginative foundations remained relevant even decades later, which became evident in the crisis triggerd by the so-called Mensalão scandal.
Palabras clave
Instituciones, Cambio institucional, Imaginario, Castoriadis, Cornelius, Institutions, Institutional change, Brasil