La destitución de Fernando Lugo y Dilma Rousseff. Una comparación de ambas crisis democráticas desde la labor de las organizaciones regionales
Fecha
2018-07-01
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Centro de Estudios en Relaciones Internacionales de Rosario (CERIR).
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Descripción
En este artículo se describen dos casos de crisis democráticas en América Latina, el juicio político y destitución de los Presidentes Fernando Lugo en Paraguay (2012), y Dilma Rousseff en Brasil (2016). Con respecto a ambas crisis se comparan los procesos internos que las desencadenaron, y se apuntan qué mecanismos de protección democrática se implementaron por parte de las organizaciones regionales y qué factores influyeron en la implementación de dichos mecanismos. Aunque con matices particulares, en ambas crisis fueron factores internos los que provocaron el quiebre de las alianzas de
gobierno y la consecuente conformación de mayorías legislativas con voluntad de destituir a los mandatarios.
Mientras que en el caso paraguayo los mecanismos de protección democrática se aplicaron demostrando una convergencia en la acción del Mercado Común del Sur
(MERCOSUR) y la Unión de Naciones Sudamericanas (UNASUR), pero no así de la Organización de Estados Americanos (OEA); en el caso de Brasil, donde las mismas
organizaciones regionales eran competentes, los mecanismos no fueron activados salvo algunas acciones correspondientes a la fase de activación. Las asimetrías de poder en el marco de las organizaciones regionales y los distintos contextos regionales son factores que influyen de forma determinante en la aplicación o no de los mecanismos de protección democrática en cada caso particular.
This article describes two cases of democratic crisis in Latin America, the impeachments of Presidents Fernando Lugo in Paraguay (2012), and Dilma Rousseff in Brazil (2016). With respect to both crises, the internal processes that triggered them are compared, and it is pointed out that democratic protection mechanisms were implemented by regional organizations and what factors influenced the implementation of said mechanisms. Although with particular nuances, both crises were internal factors that led to the breakdown of government alliances and the consequent formation of legislative majorities with the intention of removing the presidents. While in the Paraguayan case the mechanisms of democratic protection were applied demonstrating a convergence in the action of the Common Market of the South (MERCOSUR) and the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR), but not the Organization of American States (OAS), in the case of Brazil, where the same regional organizations were competent, the mechanisms were not activated except for some actions corresponding to the activation phase. The asymmetries of power within the framework of regional organizations and the different regional contexts are factors that have a determining influence on the application or not of democratic protection mechanisms in each particular case.
This article describes two cases of democratic crisis in Latin America, the impeachments of Presidents Fernando Lugo in Paraguay (2012), and Dilma Rousseff in Brazil (2016). With respect to both crises, the internal processes that triggered them are compared, and it is pointed out that democratic protection mechanisms were implemented by regional organizations and what factors influenced the implementation of said mechanisms. Although with particular nuances, both crises were internal factors that led to the breakdown of government alliances and the consequent formation of legislative majorities with the intention of removing the presidents. While in the Paraguayan case the mechanisms of democratic protection were applied demonstrating a convergence in the action of the Common Market of the South (MERCOSUR) and the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR), but not the Organization of American States (OAS), in the case of Brazil, where the same regional organizations were competent, the mechanisms were not activated except for some actions corresponding to the activation phase. The asymmetries of power within the framework of regional organizations and the different regional contexts are factors that have a determining influence on the application or not of democratic protection mechanisms in each particular case.
Palabras clave
Crisis democráticas, organizaciones regionales, mecanismos de protección democrática, Paraguay, Brasil, juicio político