Cuestiones de diversidad cultural en los tiempos de las Independencias
Fecha
2010-12
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Humanidades y Artes. Centro de Estudios Sobre Diversidad Cultural.
Resumen
Descripción
En este trabajo se plantea que las Independencias iberoamericanas, sus antes y después, remiten a un escenario complejo, a una sociedad multiétnica cuyo referente es la jerarquía de color, cuestión étnica cruzada por la estructura de clase. Se caracterizan también a las guerras de las Independencias no sólo como guerras contra la metrópoli sino entre americanos, siendo por consiguiente un gran drama que sacudió a todas las capas de la sociedad: notables criollos y peninsulares, élites regionales, mujeres mestizas, indias y blancas, negros esclavos y libertos, campesinos, etc., etc. Se afirma por consiguiente que si bien se enfrentaron patriotas contra realistas, estos grupos estaban integrados por facciones heterogéneas que mantenían en su interior diferencias étnicas y sociales. Se concluye que las Independencias terminaron siendo un cúmulo de esperanzas frustradas para muchos de los que participaron, sobre todo para los sectores subalternos cuyas expectativas de cambios no se dieron en esos tiempos ni en las décadas que siguieron.
This work considers that the Ibero-American Independencies, with the events that preceded and follow them, refer to a complex scene, to a multiethnic society whose referent is the hierarchy of colour, an ethnic question crossed by the class structure. Besides, the Wars of Independence are characterized not only as wars against the metropolis but also among Americans, consequently being a huge drama that shook all strata of society: local notables and those from mainland Spain; regional elites; indigenous, white and mestizo women; black slaves and freedpeople; peasants, etc. We therefore state that even though patriots and royalists confronted each other, these groups were made up of heterogeneous factions that maintained ethnic and social differences within them. We conclude that the Independencies ended up being an amount of frustrated hopes for many of those who took part in them, especially for the subordinate sectors whose change expectations were not fulfilled either at that time or in the following decades.
This work considers that the Ibero-American Independencies, with the events that preceded and follow them, refer to a complex scene, to a multiethnic society whose referent is the hierarchy of colour, an ethnic question crossed by the class structure. Besides, the Wars of Independence are characterized not only as wars against the metropolis but also among Americans, consequently being a huge drama that shook all strata of society: local notables and those from mainland Spain; regional elites; indigenous, white and mestizo women; black slaves and freedpeople; peasants, etc. We therefore state that even though patriots and royalists confronted each other, these groups were made up of heterogeneous factions that maintained ethnic and social differences within them. We conclude that the Independencies ended up being an amount of frustrated hopes for many of those who took part in them, especially for the subordinate sectors whose change expectations were not fulfilled either at that time or in the following decades.
Palabras clave
Diversidad cultural, Revoluciones de Independencias, Cuestión étnica, Cuestión de clase, Cultural diversity, Revolutions of Independence, Ethnic question