Consolidación del Estado argentino en norpatagonia. El caso de Villa Traful, provincia de Neuquén
Fecha
2008-12
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Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Humanidades y Artes. Centro de Estudios Sobre Diversidad Cultural.
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Descripción
En la Argentina, en las últimas décadas del siglo XIX, el Estado centralista se estructuró institucionalmente a lo largo de todo el país. Para consolidarlo, los grupos gobernantes se vieron ante la necesidad de crear una Nación que legitimara dicha construcción, conformando así un espacio homogéneo en sociedades altamente heterogéneas.
En el presente trabajo nos proponemos estudiar el proceso de institucionalización y estructuración del Estado, y de conformación de la Nación, en la localidad de Villa Traful, provincia de Neuquén, atendiendo a los discursos y prácticas implementados en el marco del mismo. La relevancia de este caso se vincula a dos características importantes: por un lado, dada la cercanía de esta localidad con Chile, cobra centralidad la consolidación del Estado en tanto población de frontera; por otra parte, los habitantes de la zona eran mayoritariamente indígenas, hecho que fue minimizado en la construcción de la imagen hegemónica de la identidad nacional.
Villa Traful se fundó como una “villa turística” dentro del Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi. En este sentido, nos interesa señalar específicamente la manera en que el Estado-Nación se forjó en dicha localidad a través de la Administración de Parques Nacionales. Enfatizaremos en la noción de “patrimonio”, dado que este territorio ha sido visualizado como un espacio a ser “preservado”.
In the last decades of the 19th century, the Argentine State has been shaped up as a central institution along the country. In order to legitimize and consolidate such a state, the governing groups were forced to put together highly heterogeneous societies within a homogeneous space: a Nation. We will deal with the process of institutionalization and structuring of the State, and the conformation of the Nation, in the locality of Villa Traful, province of Neuquén. We will attend especially to the speeches and practices implemented during the process. There are two important characteristics which make it a significant situation: on the one hand, the fact that the place is located near Chile, the consolidation of the State becomes crucial for a population living in the frontier; on the other hand, most of the local inhabitants were aborigines. This fact has been underrated when shaping the hegemonic image of the national identity. Villa Traful was founded as a "tourist village" in the National Park Nahuel Huapi. In this respect, we are interested in indicating specifically the way in which the State - Nation was forged in the above mentioned locality across the Administration of National Parks. We will deal with the notion of "patrimony", since this territory has been thought as a space to be "preserved".
In the last decades of the 19th century, the Argentine State has been shaped up as a central institution along the country. In order to legitimize and consolidate such a state, the governing groups were forced to put together highly heterogeneous societies within a homogeneous space: a Nation. We will deal with the process of institutionalization and structuring of the State, and the conformation of the Nation, in the locality of Villa Traful, province of Neuquén. We will attend especially to the speeches and practices implemented during the process. There are two important characteristics which make it a significant situation: on the one hand, the fact that the place is located near Chile, the consolidation of the State becomes crucial for a population living in the frontier; on the other hand, most of the local inhabitants were aborigines. This fact has been underrated when shaping the hegemonic image of the national identity. Villa Traful was founded as a "tourist village" in the National Park Nahuel Huapi. In this respect, we are interested in indicating specifically the way in which the State - Nation was forged in the above mentioned locality across the Administration of National Parks. We will deal with the notion of "patrimony", since this territory has been thought as a space to be "preserved".
Palabras clave
Estado Nación, Identidades, Patrimonio, State-Nation, Identities, Heritage