Evaluación de la sustentabilidad de agroecosistemas en la región pampeana argentina
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2016-12
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La región pampeana argentina es el centro agropecuario por excelencia del país. Cada establecimiento dedicado a esta actividad, definido como agroecosistema, se especializa en diferentes tipos de producciones con distintos manejos y criterios. Dado este escenario diverso, se pretendió evaluar la sustentabilidad de distintos agroecosistemas, con el propósito de valorar las dimensiones que intervienen en ellos, las prácticas de gestión utilizadas y las propuestas emergentes que consolidan el principio sustentable. Para ello se utilizó el “Marco para la Evaluación de Sistemas de Manejo de recursos naturales incorporando Indicadores de Sustentabilidad” (MESMIS), complementado con la metodología de Planificación Estratégica FODA.
La evaluación se llevó a cabo en agroecosistemas ubicados en el sector norte de la región pampeana argentina. Se analizaron sistemas agrícolas puros, mixtos para producción de carne y/o leche, ganaderos puros y fruti-hortícolas. La evaluación se realizó en forma comparada, analizando sistemas operados convencionalmente en contraste con sistemas de manejo alternativo, analizando las dimensiones ecológica-ambiental, socio-cultural y económica-productiva. Los agroecosistemas que son planificados y conducidos considerando las tres dimensiones fueron los más sustentables, siendo además, aquellos que presentaron un manejo de tipo alternativo. Los agroecosistemas más sustentables correspondieron a establecimientos con estrategias de manejo orgánico y agroecológico, dos de ellos de pequeña escala y uno de mayor escala, que desarrollan prácticas de manejo diversificadas e integradas en producciones agrícolas, ganaderas y/o fruti-hortícolas. Se establecieron prácticas de manejo sustentable, basadas en la información obtenida, como recomendaciones para su implementación en establecimientos del periurbano local y rurales del área de estudio.
The Argentinian pampa’s region is the agricultural center of excellence in the country. Every establishment dedicated to this activity, defined as an agroecosystem, specializes in different types of productions with different management and criteria. In this diverse scenario, it was intended to appreciate the sustainability of various agroecosystems, in order to evaluate the dimensions that take part in them, as well as the management practices used, and the emerging proposals that consolidate the sustainable principle. For that, the “Framework for the Evaluation of natural resources Management Systems with Sustainability Indicators” (MESMIS, its spanish acronym) was used, supplemented with the methodology of Strategic Planning (SWOT). The evaluation was conducted in agroecosystems located in the northern sector of the Argentinian pampa’s region. Pure agricultural systems were analized, as well as livestock, meat and/or milk, and fruit-vegetable production systems. The evaluation was conducted in a comparative way, analyzing conventional systems in contrast to alternative management systems, studying the ecological-environmental, socio-cultural and economic-productive dimensions. Agroecosystems that are managed considering these three dimensions were the most sustainable, being also those who presented an alternative type management. The most sustainable agroecosystems corresponded to establishments with organic and agroecological management, two of them small-scale and one larger-scale, that develop diversified management practices and integrated agricultural, livestock and/or fruit-vegetable productions. Sustainable management practices, based on the information obtained, were established as recommendations for their implementation in periurban and rural fields.
The Argentinian pampa’s region is the agricultural center of excellence in the country. Every establishment dedicated to this activity, defined as an agroecosystem, specializes in different types of productions with different management and criteria. In this diverse scenario, it was intended to appreciate the sustainability of various agroecosystems, in order to evaluate the dimensions that take part in them, as well as the management practices used, and the emerging proposals that consolidate the sustainable principle. For that, the “Framework for the Evaluation of natural resources Management Systems with Sustainability Indicators” (MESMIS, its spanish acronym) was used, supplemented with the methodology of Strategic Planning (SWOT). The evaluation was conducted in agroecosystems located in the northern sector of the Argentinian pampa’s region. Pure agricultural systems were analized, as well as livestock, meat and/or milk, and fruit-vegetable production systems. The evaluation was conducted in a comparative way, analyzing conventional systems in contrast to alternative management systems, studying the ecological-environmental, socio-cultural and economic-productive dimensions. Agroecosystems that are managed considering these three dimensions were the most sustainable, being also those who presented an alternative type management. The most sustainable agroecosystems corresponded to establishments with organic and agroecological management, two of them small-scale and one larger-scale, that develop diversified management practices and integrated agricultural, livestock and/or fruit-vegetable productions. Sustainable management practices, based on the information obtained, were established as recommendations for their implementation in periurban and rural fields.
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Sustentabilidad, Agroecosistemas, Prácticas de manejo, MESMIS, FODA