Futuros inquietos, práticas contra-hegemónicas a partir da crise e alguns dos seus fundamentos teóricos
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2016-04
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Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Humanidades y Artes. Escuela de Historia.
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Trinta anos depois de Margaret Tatcher ter anunciado “there is no such thing as society”, o mundo em que vivemos parece querer dar-lhe razão. De crise em crise, a economia liberal parece ter conquistado a hegemonia absoluta. O capitalismo na sua fase tardia, parece consolidar-se pelos quatro cantos do mundo. A acumulação de capital conquista incessantemente mercados, a desigualdade garante muitas das guerras da actualidade que por sua vez fazem florescer negócios e respectivos negociantes. Mas a análise global, pessimista por circunstância, deixa inevitavelmente de fora muitos dos aspectos que também caracterizam este tempo. Um olhar possível é o da Antropologia, sobre vários processos, projetos e experiências que resistem à economia capitalista e que transportam consigo a força emancipadora das utopias reinventadas com os instrumentos da actualidade. Neste texto, procuro caracterizar algumas destas experiências, com base etnográfica em trabalho de campo realizados na cidade do Porto (norte de Portugal) e nos Altos Pirinéus, na comunidade autónoma de Aragão (norte do Estado Espanhol). No compromisso com uma antropologia do futuro a cultura torna-se contraponto da economia e só ultrapassando concepções dualistas que reduzem a diversidade das actividades humanas teremos, nestas práticas de rebeldia e da imaginação, sinais de esperança para os futuros que ainda se podem construir.
Thirty years after Margaret Thatcher stated “there is no such thing as society”, it seems the world in which we live in wants to prove it right. From crisis to crisis, the liberal economy appears to have conquered absolute hegemony. In its late phases, capitalism seems to consolidate throughout the fours corners of the globe. Capital accumulation incessantly conquers markets while inequality guarantees many of the present wars, which – on their turn – allow the flourishing of business, and its respective dealers. But the global analysis, pessimistic by circumstance, inevitably excludes many of the aspects which also characterize this time. A possible Anthropology glance at several processes, projects and experiences which resist to the capitalist economy and carry with them the emancipating strength of the utopias reinvented with the present instruments. In this text, I seek to characterize some of these experiences, with ethnographic base on fieldwork performed in the city of Oporto (north of Portugal) and in the High Pyrenees, in Aragon autonomous community (north of the Spanish State). In the compromise for an Anthropology of the future, culture becomes counterpoint of the economy and only by overcoming dualistic conceptions reductive of the diversity of the human activities will we have – in these rebel and imaginative practices - signs of hope for the futures that may still be built.
Thirty years after Margaret Thatcher stated “there is no such thing as society”, it seems the world in which we live in wants to prove it right. From crisis to crisis, the liberal economy appears to have conquered absolute hegemony. In its late phases, capitalism seems to consolidate throughout the fours corners of the globe. Capital accumulation incessantly conquers markets while inequality guarantees many of the present wars, which – on their turn – allow the flourishing of business, and its respective dealers. But the global analysis, pessimistic by circumstance, inevitably excludes many of the aspects which also characterize this time. A possible Anthropology glance at several processes, projects and experiences which resist to the capitalist economy and carry with them the emancipating strength of the utopias reinvented with the present instruments. In this text, I seek to characterize some of these experiences, with ethnographic base on fieldwork performed in the city of Oporto (north of Portugal) and in the High Pyrenees, in Aragon autonomous community (north of the Spanish State). In the compromise for an Anthropology of the future, culture becomes counterpoint of the economy and only by overcoming dualistic conceptions reductive of the diversity of the human activities will we have – in these rebel and imaginative practices - signs of hope for the futures that may still be built.
Palabras clave
Utopia, Futuro, Economia solidária, Comunidades, Esperança, Future, Solidary economy