Guerra santa y guerra justa en el Cercano Oriente Antiguo (ca. 1600-600 a.C.)
Fecha
2015
Autores
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Escuela de Historia - Universidad Nacional de Rosario
Resumen
DescripciĆ³n
En los reinos āy sobre todo en los denominados āimperiosāā del Cercano Oriente antiguo la ampliaciĆ³n de las
fronteras es un motivo ideolĆ³gico constante. El significado ideolĆ³gico reside en la contraposiciĆ³n de un
territorio interno de carĆ”cter cĆ³smico y un territorio externo de carĆ”cter caĆ³tico. Dados los propĆ³sitos de
cumplimiento del orden cĆ³smico, la guerra asume un carĆ”cter santo ya que es el instrumento de la justa
sumisiĆ³n de la periferia al reino central. Ampliando el territorio interno a costa del territorio externo, el
soberano se inserta en la secuencia de los personajes heroicos que han contribuido al ordenamiento del
mundo.
Si bien el soberano legĆtimo inicia su acciĆ³n bĆ©lica justa por mandato divino la guerra debe ser, asimismo,
justa a nivel de evaluaciĆ³n humana, en el Ć”mbito del sistema de valores civiles y jurĆdicos que estĆ”n en curso
en una determinada cultura.
En este artĆculo se estudian aspectos que develan la lĆ³gica y la justificaciĆ³n de la guerra entre los estados del
Cercano Oriente antiguo.
In Near Eastern kingdoms āespecially in āEmpiresāā the broadening of frontiers remains a constant ideological topic. The meaning of this resides in the contrast between internal cosmic territory and an always chaotic outside territory. In order to maintain a cosmic order, war assumes a holy role: it is the means to get subjugation of the periphery. Broadening the frontiers at outsideās territory expense, the king places himself in a sequence of heroic characters that have already made their part in arranging the world. Although kings may start hostilities by divine orders, war must be fair at human eyes and must be embedded in the social and legal values of certain culture. This article aims at understanding the manners and reasons of war amongst Near East ancient states.
In Near Eastern kingdoms āespecially in āEmpiresāā the broadening of frontiers remains a constant ideological topic. The meaning of this resides in the contrast between internal cosmic territory and an always chaotic outside territory. In order to maintain a cosmic order, war assumes a holy role: it is the means to get subjugation of the periphery. Broadening the frontiers at outsideās territory expense, the king places himself in a sequence of heroic characters that have already made their part in arranging the world. Although kings may start hostilities by divine orders, war must be fair at human eyes and must be embedded in the social and legal values of certain culture. This article aims at understanding the manners and reasons of war amongst Near East ancient states.
Palabras clave
Cercano Oriente antiguo, Guerra, LegitimaciĆ³n, Ancient near East, War, Legitimation