Modelos de comportamiento de adherencia neumático calzada
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2012-12-14
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La adherencia neumático calzada es un parámetro característico de la superficie del pavimento, que se encuentra fuertemente relacionado a la seguridad de circulación que tienen los usuarios que circulan por la ruta. La misma no es constante, sino que partiendo de un valor inicial va decreciendo hasta alcanzar un valor mínimo, el cual es función del nivel de tránsito, el tipo de superficie de rodamiento, el tipo de agregados pétreos, la configuración del tránsito, etc.
En el presente proyecto se realizaron mediciones de coeficiente de fricción y macrotextura en distintos tramos de ruta, con distintos tipos de equipos durante determinados períodos de tiempo. Las situaciones analizadas y las principales conclusiones obtenidas en cada una son:
• Mediciones en tramos de las Pista de Ensayos de la Universidad de Virginia, Blacksburg, Estados Unidos. Son 14 tramos ubicados en la pista, los mismos no están sometidos a tránsito y son utilizados para investigación. Se utilizaron dos equipos para medir el coeficiente de fricción: trailer de rueda bloqueada y Dynamic Friction tester, mientras que la macrotextura fue medida con Circular Texture meter.
Los tramos se midieron en forma periódica durante más de un año. A partir de los resultados se valoró la influencia que la temperatura tiene sobre los resultados de coeficiente de fricción y se comparó la misma con influencia presente en los factores de corrección actualmente utilizados en el Estado de Virginia para corregir los resultados.
• Mediciones en tramos ubicados en pista de aeropuerto. Se midieron 3 tramos en repetidas ocasiones, el coeficiente de fricción se midió con Péndulo de Fricción tipo TRRL, y la macrotextura con Círculo de Arena. Estos tramos están ubicados cercanos al borde de la pista, y no tienen ningún tipo de tránsito.
En esta situación se analizó la influencia de la temperatura en las mediciones realizadas con Péndulo de Fricción y se comprobó la validez de la corrección por temperatura indicada en la norma de ensayo utilizada para este equipo.
• Mediciones en tramos ubicados en autopista con tránsito elevado. Fueron medidos 16 tramos de 300 metros en forma periódica (anual) durante 11 años. Las mediciones de coeficiente de fricción se realizaron con Péndulo de Fricción tipo TRRL, y la macrotextura con Círculo de Arena. Durante este período los tramos estuvieron sometidos al tránsito normal circulante en la autopista (autos, camiones, colectivos).
El seguimiento sistemático de los mismos permitió valorar la evolución en servicio de la mezcla asfáltica utilizada como rodamiento, desde el punto de vista de la adherencia neumático calzada. Estas mediciones permitieron el desarrollo de modelos de evolución, para predecir el comportamiento del coeficiente de fricción y la macrotextura para mezclas asfálticas tipo F10, elaboradas con agregados pétreos de Argentina y sometidas a las condiciones de servicio (tránsito, clima y limpieza) de una autopista con tránsito elevado.
Se realizó un análisis bibliográfico acerca de la adherencia neumático calzada y los modelos de predicción disponibles en otros países. El análisis de los resultados de mediciones periódicas disponibles permitió confirmar que la temperatura tiene influencia en los resultados de coeficiente de fricción medido con equipos. Además, el disponer de mediciones periódicas durante un período de 11 años, permitió el desarrollo de modelos de predicción de mezclas asfálticas tipo F10 en autopista, los cuales podrán ser utilizados en experiencias futuras para predecir la calidad que la carpeta de rodamiento brinda a la seguridad de los usuarios.
Tire road adherence is a characteristic parameter of pavement surface, which is strongly related to road user’s safety. It is not constant along road life, from an initial value it decreases until a minimum value, which is a function of traffic level, surface type, aggregates, traffic configuration, etc.. In this project coefficient of friction and macrotexture in some road sections were measured, with different types of equipment, and during certain periods of time. The situations analyzed and the main conclusions of each one are: • Measurements on 14 sections of test track at the University of Virginia, Blacksburg, USA. The sections are not subject to traffic and are used for research. Friction coefficient was measured with two equipments: locked wheel trailer and Dynamic Friction Tester, while macrotexture was measured with Circular Texture Meter. Sections were measured periodically for over one year. From results, the influence that temperature has on the results of coefficient of friction was evaluated, and results were compared with correction factors currently used in the State of Virginia to correct friction coefficient results. • Measurements in sections located in airport runway. 3 sections were measured periodically; friction coefficient was measured with TRRL Pendulum Tester and macrotexture with Sand Patch. Sections are located near the edge of the track, and have no traffic. In this situation, the influence of temperature on measurements made with Friction Pendulum was analyzed, and checked the validity of temperature correction used in the Standard used for this equipment. • Measurements in sections located in a high traffic highway. 16 sections of 300 meters were measured periodically during 11 years. Friction coefficient measurements were made with type TRRL Pendulum and macrotexture with Sand Patch. During this period sections were under normal highway (cars, trucks, buses). Systematic monitoring of surface parameters allowed the analysis of asphalt mix surface performance, from the viewpoint of road tire adherence. Deterioration models were developed to predict asphalt mix type F10 behavior for friction coefficient and macrotexture, particularized for Argentina highway conditions (aggregates, traffic, whether and cleanness conditions), in one of highway sections with higher traffic in Argentina. A literature review on road tire adherence and prediction models available in other countries was done. The analysis of periodic sections results confirmed that temperature has influence on friction coefficient results. In addition, periodic measurements done over a period of 11 years, allowed the development of deterioration models of mix type F10 used in highway, which may be used in future experiences to predict the quality and security level offer to users.
Tire road adherence is a characteristic parameter of pavement surface, which is strongly related to road user’s safety. It is not constant along road life, from an initial value it decreases until a minimum value, which is a function of traffic level, surface type, aggregates, traffic configuration, etc.. In this project coefficient of friction and macrotexture in some road sections were measured, with different types of equipment, and during certain periods of time. The situations analyzed and the main conclusions of each one are: • Measurements on 14 sections of test track at the University of Virginia, Blacksburg, USA. The sections are not subject to traffic and are used for research. Friction coefficient was measured with two equipments: locked wheel trailer and Dynamic Friction Tester, while macrotexture was measured with Circular Texture Meter. Sections were measured periodically for over one year. From results, the influence that temperature has on the results of coefficient of friction was evaluated, and results were compared with correction factors currently used in the State of Virginia to correct friction coefficient results. • Measurements in sections located in airport runway. 3 sections were measured periodically; friction coefficient was measured with TRRL Pendulum Tester and macrotexture with Sand Patch. Sections are located near the edge of the track, and have no traffic. In this situation, the influence of temperature on measurements made with Friction Pendulum was analyzed, and checked the validity of temperature correction used in the Standard used for this equipment. • Measurements in sections located in a high traffic highway. 16 sections of 300 meters were measured periodically during 11 years. Friction coefficient measurements were made with type TRRL Pendulum and macrotexture with Sand Patch. During this period sections were under normal highway (cars, trucks, buses). Systematic monitoring of surface parameters allowed the analysis of asphalt mix surface performance, from the viewpoint of road tire adherence. Deterioration models were developed to predict asphalt mix type F10 behavior for friction coefficient and macrotexture, particularized for Argentina highway conditions (aggregates, traffic, whether and cleanness conditions), in one of highway sections with higher traffic in Argentina. A literature review on road tire adherence and prediction models available in other countries was done. The analysis of periodic sections results confirmed that temperature has influence on friction coefficient results. In addition, periodic measurements done over a period of 11 years, allowed the development of deterioration models of mix type F10 used in highway, which may be used in future experiences to predict the quality and security level offer to users.
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adherencia neumático calzada, seguridad, modelos de comportamiento