Argentina, Brasil y la defensa en América del Sur : las identidades estratégicas y la seguridad regional
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2015-03-13
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Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales
Resumen
Esta tesis es una investigación sobre los actores y los procesos involucrados
en la inclusión de la defensa en la cooperación sudamericana, un estudio centrado
en las políticas de Argentina y Brasil hacia la cuestión. Los análisis existentes
sobre la creación del Consejo Sudamericano de Defensa se basan en variables
vinculadas al poder, ponderando el liderazgo regional de Brasil, en un contexto de
fuerte asimetría con respecto a Argentina. Por el contrario, nuestro trabajo
relativiza dichas variables en virtud de sus limitaciones, para poner de relieve los
factores ideacionales que intervinieron en la construcción de un modelo de
seguridad regional.
A partir de la perspectiva constructivista y el marco de análisis de las
comunidades epistémicas nuestra tesis aborda la influencia de los factores
ideacionales sobre la formación de los intereses de la política exterior de Brasil y
Argentina con respecto a la inclusión de la defensa en la cooperación regional,
identificando la manera en que, desde la democratización, las ideas de un conjunto
de actores dieron forma a las identidades estratégicas de ambos países. En virtud de esto el objetivo general de la tesis es analizar los elementos
ideacionales en la formación de los intereses de política exterior de Argentina y
Brasil con el propósito de dar cuenta de la creación del CDS. Como objetivos
específicos, la tesis busca describir los procesos domésticos de formulación de la
identidad estratégica ocurridos en Argentina y Brasil a partir de la
redemocratización; identificar las vinculaciones bilaterales de ambos procesos,
con epicentro en la comunidad epistémica argentina, con el fin de determinar las
visiones construidas con respecto al otro y a la región; caracterizar los efectos de
las definiciones identitarias sobre las reglas, normas e instituciones de la
concertación en defensa en América del Sur; y explicar el origen y las dinámicas
de la comunidad epistémica para detectar coincidencias y complementariedades
entre ambas identidades estratégicas.
This thesis is a research on the actors and processes involved in the addition of defense into South American cooperation, a study centered on Argentina’s and Brazil’s policies towards it. Existent analyses on the creation of the South American Defense Council are based on power-related variables, stressing Brazilian regional leadership, in the context of a strong asymmetry regarding Argentina. Our work questions those variables in view of their indeterminacies and choses to highlight ideational factors intervening in the construction of a regional security model. Using a constructivist perspective and epistemic communities conceptualization, the thesis studies the influence of ideational factors on Argentina’s and Brazil’s foreign policy interest formation regarding the addition of defense into South American cooperation, identifying the way in which the ideas of a set of actors shaped the strategic identities of both countries. As a consequence of the above stated, the thesis general objective is to analyze the ideational elements in the formation of Argentina’s and Brazil’s foreign policy interests, in order to account for the creation of the South American Defense Council. As specific objectives, the research aims to describe the domestic processes of strategic identity formulation that took place in Argentina and Brazil after their democratization; to identify the bilateral linking of both processes, centered around an Argentinean epistemic community, aiming to determine the constructed visions towards one another and the region; to characterize the effects of the identity definitions on the rules, norms and institutions of defense cooperation in South America; and to explain the epistemic community’s origin and dynamics in order to identify coincidences and complementarity between both strategic identities.
This thesis is a research on the actors and processes involved in the addition of defense into South American cooperation, a study centered on Argentina’s and Brazil’s policies towards it. Existent analyses on the creation of the South American Defense Council are based on power-related variables, stressing Brazilian regional leadership, in the context of a strong asymmetry regarding Argentina. Our work questions those variables in view of their indeterminacies and choses to highlight ideational factors intervening in the construction of a regional security model. Using a constructivist perspective and epistemic communities conceptualization, the thesis studies the influence of ideational factors on Argentina’s and Brazil’s foreign policy interest formation regarding the addition of defense into South American cooperation, identifying the way in which the ideas of a set of actors shaped the strategic identities of both countries. As a consequence of the above stated, the thesis general objective is to analyze the ideational elements in the formation of Argentina’s and Brazil’s foreign policy interests, in order to account for the creation of the South American Defense Council. As specific objectives, the research aims to describe the domestic processes of strategic identity formulation that took place in Argentina and Brazil after their democratization; to identify the bilateral linking of both processes, centered around an Argentinean epistemic community, aiming to determine the constructed visions towards one another and the region; to characterize the effects of the identity definitions on the rules, norms and institutions of defense cooperation in South America; and to explain the epistemic community’s origin and dynamics in order to identify coincidences and complementarity between both strategic identities.
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Palabras clave
Seguridad regional, Defensa, Argentina, Brasil, Comunidades epistémicas, Constructivismo