Experiencias convivenciales entre adultos mayores autónomos y con demencia en una institución de larga estadía : un estudio de caso
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2015
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Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales
Resumen
La presente tesis doctoral es el resultado de una investigación iniciada a
fines del año 2013. La misma pretende otorgar un aporte al estudio de las
interacciones entre los adultos mayores en el contexto de una residencia de larga
estadía. Esto mediante la reflexión del Trabajo Social en particular y a las distintas
disciplinas que emergen en el abordaje y la intervención sobre la vejez y el
envejecimiento.
La circunstancia del envejecimiento progresivo de la población mundial,
lleva a aquellos adultos mayores que se encuentran con alguna problemática de
salud a una posible institucionalización. Por tal razón se ha de contar con
Instituciones de larga estadía que respondan a la demanda e impartan los cuidados
necesarios y adecuados a esta población emergente. Se han realizado variadas
investigaciones sobre el tema. Sin embargo quedan interrogantes sobre las
interacciones cotidianas que se producen entre los residentes autónomos y
aquéllos que padecen demencia dado que las mismas tienen un impacto directo en
el bienestar del adulto mayor.
El propósito de este estudio basado en la tradición cualitativa del estudio
de caso fue analizar las interacciones que se producen entre los adultos mayores
institucionalizados comprendiendo las circunstancias de la autonomía y la
demencia en el marco de una residencia de larga estadía privada de la ciudad de
Mar del Plata Partido de General Pueyrredon.
Seleccionamos cuatro grupos para conformar la muestra: veinte adultos
mayores, ocho familiares o referentes, catorce cuidadores formales y seis
integrantes del equipo técnico. Las técnicas de recolección de la información
fueron la entrevista semiestructurada y la observación participante. El
interaccionismo simbólico sirvió como principal sustento epistemológico y teórico
en esta investigación.
Los resultados principales de este estudio indican la existencia de
conflictividad convivencial entre los adultos mayores institucionalizados con mayor problemática al interior del grupo de los autónomos. En cambio la
interacción entre autónomos y los que padecen demencia no mantiene tal
conflictividad. La organización y dinámica institucional funciona con una rutina
estricta que no fomenta la libre elección y limita el desarrollo de los proyectos
personales.
La presente investigación tiene el potencial de otorgarnos información
relevante para mejorar la calidad de atención en las instituciones de larga estadía
para mayores y nos profundiza el bagaje teórico en pos de estrategias de
intervención que favorezcan el bienestar de la población estudiada
This doctoral thesis is the result of a research that began at the end of 2013. It aims at advancing the knowledge on elders’ interactions within the context of a nursing home and long term care facility. This was accomplished through a reflection on Social Work and the different disciplines that emerged in the approach and intervention of elders. The phenomenon of the progressive aging in the world population leads to older elders who present health problems to be institutionalized. To respond to this need it is necessary to have long term care facilities that provide adequate and necessary services to this emerging population. Research has been conducted on this population; however, there are still unanswered questions about the daily interactions that occur between elders with and without dementia. It is relevant to study these interactions as they have a direct impact on the elders’ wellbeing. The purpose of this study qualitative case study was to analyze the interactions that occurred among elders at a private long term care facility in Mar del Plata city Partido de General Pueyrredon. It was relevant to understand the dynamics and relationships that emerged in the daily interactions of people with and without dementia. Four groups composed our sample: twenty older elders, eight family members or legal guardians, fourteen staff members, and six health care professionals. Semi structured interviews and participant observation were used to collect information. Symbolic interactionism was the main theoretical and epistemological framework used in this study. The main results in this study showed interactional conflict among institutionalized older elders indicating higher levels of conflict among elders without dementia. The interactions among elders with and without dementia do not show that level of conflict. The institutional organization functions with a strict routine and it does not foster the elders’ personal choice restricting the development of their individual projects. The current investigation has the potential of delivering relevant information to improve the quality of services in elders’ long term care facilities. It also provides a more in depth theoretical understanding that can help in creating interventions to increase the elders’ wellbeing
This doctoral thesis is the result of a research that began at the end of 2013. It aims at advancing the knowledge on elders’ interactions within the context of a nursing home and long term care facility. This was accomplished through a reflection on Social Work and the different disciplines that emerged in the approach and intervention of elders. The phenomenon of the progressive aging in the world population leads to older elders who present health problems to be institutionalized. To respond to this need it is necessary to have long term care facilities that provide adequate and necessary services to this emerging population. Research has been conducted on this population; however, there are still unanswered questions about the daily interactions that occur between elders with and without dementia. It is relevant to study these interactions as they have a direct impact on the elders’ wellbeing. The purpose of this study qualitative case study was to analyze the interactions that occurred among elders at a private long term care facility in Mar del Plata city Partido de General Pueyrredon. It was relevant to understand the dynamics and relationships that emerged in the daily interactions of people with and without dementia. Four groups composed our sample: twenty older elders, eight family members or legal guardians, fourteen staff members, and six health care professionals. Semi structured interviews and participant observation were used to collect information. Symbolic interactionism was the main theoretical and epistemological framework used in this study. The main results in this study showed interactional conflict among institutionalized older elders indicating higher levels of conflict among elders without dementia. The interactions among elders with and without dementia do not show that level of conflict. The institutional organization functions with a strict routine and it does not foster the elders’ personal choice restricting the development of their individual projects. The current investigation has the potential of delivering relevant information to improve the quality of services in elders’ long term care facilities. It also provides a more in depth theoretical understanding that can help in creating interventions to increase the elders’ wellbeing
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Palabras clave
Trabajo Social, Tercera edad, Ancianos, Instituciones de larga estadía, Geriátricos