Procesos comunicacionales y subjetivos en la prisión : los sistemas de insumisión en situaciones de egreso carcelario. El caso de la Unidad Penitenciaria nº 3 de la ciudad de Rosario
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2012-12
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Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales
Resumen
Actualmente conviven en las prisiones argentinas dos modelos de encierro. El
primero de ellos –y el más antiguo– es el correccional que parte de suponer la
existencia de sujetos desviados del orden social a los que la cárcel debe encausar y
corregir, mientras que el otro, el jaula-deposito o incapacitante, consiste en el
abandono efectivo de aquel ideal rehabilitador y concibe a la prisión como un mero
contenedor de residuos humanos. En la provincia de Santa Fe, las actuales políticas
penitenciarias (2007-2011) proponen alejarse de ambos modelos y para ello
introdujeron, en el escenario carcelario, una serie de cambios institucionales.
Ante esto, nos preguntamos qué función cumplen los sistemas de insumisión del
discurso carcelario para los sujetos que habitan la prisión. Sujetos encerrados que, en
la Unidad Penitenciaria nº 3 de Rosario –caso sobre el cuál realizamos nuestra
investigación–, se encuentran transitando el umbral de egreso–categoría teórica
central en nuestro trabajo– donde los imaginarios y las disposiciones subjetivas pre,
durante, y pos encierro son puestas en crisis. Por tanto, esta investigación pretende,
desde una perspectiva del análisis del discurso foucaultiano, responder a la pregunta
de cómo funcionan, dentro del sistema estratégico de la prisión, los sistemas de
insumisión del discurso carcelario en presos que transitan el umbral de egreso de la
prisión. Partiendo de la hipótesis de que dichos sistemas de insumisión cumplen una
función central en la dinámica institucional de las cárceles santafesinas, e
interrogándolo tanto en su productividad táctica como en su integración estratégica,
diremos que produce un doble efecto, paradójico y aporético: el sujeto es y acepta lo
que le prescriben para, precisamente, dejar de serlo. Para abordar lo propuesto se
conformó un corpus a partir de una estrategia metodológica de triangulación de
técnicas –entrevistas en profundidad, observación participante y análisis de
documentos– que nos permitió indagar tanto los sistemas de sumisión puestos en
juego por la institución como los desplazamientos y reutilizaciones de dicho sistemas
en las insumisiones construidas por parte del sujeto encerrado
Actually living in argentine prisons two models of confinement. The first, -and the oldest- is the correctional that suposse the existence of deviant subjets of social order to wich the jail must prosecute and correct, while the other, the cage-tank or disabling, is the effective leavement of that ideal of rehabilitation and prison conceived as a mere container of humas waste. In the province of Santa Fe, the current prison policies (2007-2011) proposed take distance from both models and they introduced in the jail setting, a series of institutional changes. That led us to wonder about what forms and what role disobedience systems discourse prison for subjects who inhabit the prison. Subjects locked that, in the Penitentiary Unit nº 3 of Rosario –case on wich we do our research–, are crossing the threshold of graduation –theoretical category central to our work– where the imaginary and subjective dispositions pre, while, and post closure are put in crisis. Therefore, this research aims, from a foucauldian discourse analysis, answer the question of how works, in the strategic system of the prison, insubordination systems discourse in prisoners who pass the threshold of graduation from prison. Assuming that such systems insubordination plays a central role in the institutional dynamic of jails of Santa Fe and asking about their tactical productivity and strategic integration we say that it produce a dual effect, paradoxical and aporetic: the subject is and accept what he prescribed to precisely stop being one. To approche the proposed phenomenon, it was made a corpus with a methodological strategy of triangulation techniques –interviews on deep, participant observation and document analysis– wich allowed us to investigate both submission systems brought into play by the institution as displacement and re-uses of such systems in the built insumisiones by the subject locked
Actually living in argentine prisons two models of confinement. The first, -and the oldest- is the correctional that suposse the existence of deviant subjets of social order to wich the jail must prosecute and correct, while the other, the cage-tank or disabling, is the effective leavement of that ideal of rehabilitation and prison conceived as a mere container of humas waste. In the province of Santa Fe, the current prison policies (2007-2011) proposed take distance from both models and they introduced in the jail setting, a series of institutional changes. That led us to wonder about what forms and what role disobedience systems discourse prison for subjects who inhabit the prison. Subjects locked that, in the Penitentiary Unit nº 3 of Rosario –case on wich we do our research–, are crossing the threshold of graduation –theoretical category central to our work– where the imaginary and subjective dispositions pre, while, and post closure are put in crisis. Therefore, this research aims, from a foucauldian discourse analysis, answer the question of how works, in the strategic system of the prison, insubordination systems discourse in prisoners who pass the threshold of graduation from prison. Assuming that such systems insubordination plays a central role in the institutional dynamic of jails of Santa Fe and asking about their tactical productivity and strategic integration we say that it produce a dual effect, paradoxical and aporetic: the subject is and accept what he prescribed to precisely stop being one. To approche the proposed phenomenon, it was made a corpus with a methodological strategy of triangulation techniques –interviews on deep, participant observation and document analysis– wich allowed us to investigate both submission systems brought into play by the institution as displacement and re-uses of such systems in the built insumisiones by the subject locked
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Subjetividad, Cárceles, Unidad penitenciaria No. 3, Rosario, Análisis del discurso, Foucault, Michel, Argentina